Growing Ferns in Big Bend, Wisconsin

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Garden Ferns
Garden - Over the years, we have attempted to grow several temperate ferns in our outdoor garden in Big Bend, Wisconsin (USDA Zone 5). All were overwintered outdoors. These ferns were grown in enriched raised beds composed of over 50% well aged composted manure. Beds were lightly fertilized with Osmocote 15-9-12 time release fertilizer (9 months). Most beds were shaded beneath the canopy of coniferous trees (Scotch Pine, Austrian Pine). Plants were watered with well water (290 TDS) from the garden hose during dry periods. The following records report our observations and findings about growing these garden ferns.

Garden Ferns
Garden - Over the years, we have attempted to grow several temperate ferns in our outdoor garden in Big Bend, Wisconsin (USDA Zone 5). All were overwintered outdoors. These ferns were grown in enriched raised beds composed of over 50% well aged composted manure. Beds were lightly fertilized with Osmocote 15-9-12 time release fertilizer (9 months). Most beds were shaded beneath the canopy of coniferous trees (Scotch Pine, Austrian Pine). Plants were watered with well water (290 TDS) from the garden hose during dry periods. The following records report our observations and findings about growing these garden ferns.

Success Category Color
Green - this color means: Alive. Successfully overwintered 2 or more years, and must grow well.

Pink - this color means: Watch. New plant, still evaluating.

Blue - this color means: Death Watch. Monitoring declining plant. Plant is not dead yet, but it appears to be seriously struggling to barely alive.

Grey - this color means: Dead. Does not survive here.

Success Category	Color
Green - this color means:	Alive. Successfully overwintered 2 or more years, and must grow well.
Pink - this color means:	Watch. New plant, still evaluating.
Blue - this color means:	Death Watch. Monitoring declining plant. Plant is not dead yet, but it appears to be seriously struggling to barely alive.
Grey - this color means:	Dead. Does not survive here.

Fern
Photograph Genus species 'Cultivar' - OR -
Genus Hybrid 'Cultivar'
Description and grower
Adiantum aleuticum
Additional Images
Common Name: = Aleutian Maidenhair Fern (USDA).
Family: Pteridaceae
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Alaska and Western US.
Grown in trial bed: B23
Desc: Stiff erect leaves, angular distal lobes on the leaf segments, and deep sinuses.

Grower: 6/24/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).

06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.

Adiantum pedatum

Common Name: = Northern Maidenhair Fern (USDA).
Family: Pteridaceae
Native to Wisconsin. Near stream margins, forest.
Grown in trial bed: B33.
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. This fern survives in our garden, but it does not thrive. Fronds constantly looks dehydrited. Fern declines during the heat of summer. After years of growing this fern, it always appears unhappy. Typical height 12 inches.
Taxonomy Note: Lin Youxing and Jefferson Pradoat Harvard University is working on and draft key of Adiantaceae. Nice key! Characterisic for pedatum is, "Fronds 1 to 3-palmate, dichotomously branched." Whereas, characterisic for venustrum is, "Fronds 2 to 4-pinnate."

Grower: 5/25/2001 K. Van Bourgandien.

06/07/2010 struggling.

Adiantum venustum
Additional Images
Common Name: = Himalayan Maidenhair Fern (FF)..
Family: Pteridaceae
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to India, Myanmar. In rock crevices.
Grown in trial bed: B32
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. This fern survives in our garden, but it does not thrive.
Taxonomy Note: Lin Youxing and Jefferson Prado at Harvard University is working on and draft key of Adiantaceae. Nice key! Characterisic for pedatum is, "Fronds 1 to 3-palmate, dichotomously branched." Whereas, characterisic for venustrum is, "Fronds 2 to 4-pinnate." In addition, the botanists observe venustum, "Indusia orbicular, upper margins sinuses, veins of pinnule distinctly raised, abaxially green."

Grower: 6/24/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).

06/07/2010 struggling.

Arachniodes standishii
Additional Images
Common Name: = Upside Down Fern (PDN).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Korea, Uulong Island.
Grown in trial bed: B34, B24.
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).

Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 8 inches.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Athyrium filix-femina

Common Name: = Common Ladyfern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B28
Grower: 6/22/2005 Northwind Perennial Farm (Lake Geneva, WI).
Note: This is a native fern in our region and it should successfuly grow in our garden. It is merely by bad luck that this fern died. Don't read any more into this then that. We plan to replace it.
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Fern grew well for the first few years, but did not re-appear in 2008. Typical height 20 inches.
05/25/2008 dead.

Athyrium filix-femina subspecies cyclosorum
Additional Images
Common Name: = .
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to western US.
Grown in trial bed: B32, B34
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in full sun, richly composted raised bed. Healthy growing plant. Typical height 9 inches.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Athyrium filix-femina 'Dre's Dagger'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Lady Fern.
Species native to Wisconsin, form exotic to Wisconsin. Form native to Europe?
Grown in trial bed: B32
Grower: 7/1/2006 Menomonee Falls, WI.
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. This is likely a sport of 'Victoriae'. Pinna along frond criss cross. Tip of frond crested. Typical height 10 inches.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Athyrium filix-femina 'Encourage'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Lady Fern.
Species native to Wisconsin, form exotic to Wisconsin. Form native to Europe?
Grown in trial bed: B22, B32
Grower: 8/25/2003 Klehm (IL).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. 'Encourage' is a "crested form" where fronds are forked at the tip. Interesting and attractive addition to the showy garden. Nice clump forming specimen plant. Typical height 10 inches.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Athyrium filix-femina 'Frizelliae'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Lady Fern.
Species native to Wisconsin, form exotic to Wisconsin. Form native to Europe?
Grown in trial bed: B32
Grower: 5/30/2004 Hwy 73 Farm Market (Plainfield, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. 'Frizelliea' is a "congested form" where pinna produce button-like leaflets along the rachis. Interesting and attractive addition to the showy garden. Nice clump forming specimen plant. Typical height 15 inches.
06/07/2010 stuggling.

Athyrium filix-femina 'Victoriae'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Victoria Lady Fern.
Species native to Wisconsin, form exotic to Wisconsin. Form native to Europe?
Grown in trial bed: B25
Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. 'Victoriae' is a "cruciate form" where each pinna produce dual forks. Forks are held at 45 degree angles from the rachis. Each pinna half crosses the following pinna. The frond is essentially a series of crisscrossed leaflets. Interesting and attractive addition to the showy garden. Nice clump forming specimen plant. Typical height 15 inches.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Athyrium filix-femina ssp. angustum
(Synonym: Athyrium angustum)
(Synonym: Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum)
Additional Image
Common Name: = Subarctic Lady Fern (USDA), Northern Lady Fern.
Species native to Wisconsin, subspecies exotic to Wisconsin. Subspecies native to Europe and Asia.
Grown in trial bed: B22
Grower: .
Desc: Grown in part sun, richly composted raised bed. Vigorous growing plant that does not spread. Typical height 20 inches.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Athyrium filix-femina ssp. angustum 'Lady In Red'
(Synonym: Athyrium angustum 'Lady In Red')
(Synonym: Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum 'Lady In Red')
(Synonym: Athyrium angustum forma rubellum 'Lady In Red')
Additional Image
Common Name: = Lady Fern.
Species native to Wisconsin, subspecies exotic to Wisconsin. Subspecies native to Europe and Asia.
Grown in trial bed: B32
Grower: 7/1/2005 3D Greenhouses (Mukwonago, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Cloned (tissue cultured) from plant discovered by New England Wildflower Society. Burgundy red colored stems. Our plant displays strikingly more burgundy red color then the ordinary Athyrium filix-femina. Typical height 15 inches.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Athyrium filix-femina x niponicum 'Branford Beauty'
Additional Image
Common Name: = Branford Beauty Fern.
Ancestory =
50% Athyrium filix-femina
50% Athyrium niponicum
Exotic to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B28
Grower: 7/1/2005 3D Greenhouses (Mukwonago, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Attractive colored fronds, but not as striking as 'Ghost'. Hardy grower that does not spread. Typical height 20 inches. Nick Nicou (Branford, CT) hybrid of Athyrium filix-femina x Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum'.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Athyrium filix-femina x niponicum 'Ghost'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Ghost fern.
Ancestory =
50% Athyrium filix-femina
50% Athyrium niponicum
Exotic to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B28, B32
Grower#B32: 5/30/2004 Hwy 73 Farm Market (Plainfield, WI).
Grower#B28: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Attractive and unique light colored fronds. Hardy grower, but does not spread. This is an excellent addition to the showy garden. Typical height 25 inches. Nancy Swell (Virginia) hybrid of Athyrium filix-femina x Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum'.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Athyrium niponicum 'Applecourt'

Common Name: = Japanese Painted Fern.
Native to Japan.
Grown in trial bed: L42
Grower: 6/03/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Crested tip of fronds. Typical height 15 inches.
06/04/2010 newly planted.

Athyrium niponicum 'Burgundy Lace'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Japanese Painted Fern.
Native to Japan.
Grown in trial bed: B32
Grower: 7/10/2004 Terra Nova (Tigard, OR).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. The 'Burgundy Lace' cultivar is greatly over-rated. We found the burgundy color to be nearly indistinguisable from ordinary Japanese Painted Fern. Without our field notes, we would have a difficult time finding this cultivar among a mixed bed of Japanese Painted Ferns. Typical height 8 inches, sometimes only 4 inches.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Athyrium niponicum 'Pewter Lace'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Japanese Painted Fern.
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Japan.
Grown in trial bed: B32
Grower: 7/10/2004 Terra Nova (Tigard, OR).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. The 'Pewter Lace' cultivar is greatly over-rated. We found the pewter color to be nearly indistinguisable from ordinary Japanese Painted Fern. Without our field notes, we would have a difficult time finding this cultivar among a mixed bed of Japanese Painted Ferns. Typical height 8 inches, sometimes only 4 inches.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Japanese Painted Fern.
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Japan.
Grown in trial bed: L41, B28, B32, B33
Grower #L41: 6/4/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Grower #various beds: 5/1/1997 Shady Acres (New Berlin, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Athyrium otophorum
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Common Name: = Asian Lady Fern.
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China and Japan.
Grown in trial bed: B32, F
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Leaves lay out mostly horizontal. Not a vigorous grower in our zone. Attractive small specimen plant. Typical height 10 inches.
06/07/2010 struggling, not happy.

Blechnum penna-marina subspecies alpina
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Common Name: = .
Family: Blechnaceae.
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Asia.
Grown in trial bed: L31, F
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Very tiny fern with interest texture and form. Typical height 2 inches.
06/03/2010 healthy plant.

Future image Blechnum spicant

Common Name: = Deer Fern (USDA).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Western US.
Grown in trial bed: B25.
Grower: 7/6/2006 Prospect Hill Nursery (Milwaukee, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. It did not re-appear in the garden in 2007. Typical height 10 inches.
05/25/2007 dead.

Cyrtomium fortunei
Collection #AIK-140
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Common Name: = Asian Netvein Hollyfern (USDA).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China, Japan, Korea.
Grown in trial bed: B25.
Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Fronds lay out mostly horizontal. Very interesting and attractive holly like leaves. Excellent exotic addition to the garden, but it does not survive in our zone. Typical height 15 inches.
05/28/2009 dead.

Cyrtomium fortunei variety clivicola
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Common Name: = Asian Netvein Hollyfern (USDA).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China, Japan, Korea.
Grown in trial bed: B33. B23.
Grower: 6/25/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Fronds lay out mostly horizontal. Very interesting and attractive holly like leaves. Excellent exotic addition to the garden, but it may not survive in our zone. Typical height 15 inches.
06/25/2011 healthy, newly planted.

Dennstaedtia punctilobula
(additional image)

Common Name: = Eastern Hayscented Fern (USDA).
Family: Dennstaedtiaceae.
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B14
Grower: 8/31/2005 Johnson Nursery (Menomonee Fall, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Feathery fronds that often appear to be drooping from dehydration, even when properly watered. This drooping habit makes the plant less desirable in a showy garden. Typical height 10 inches.
06/03/2010 healthy plant.

Diplazium pycnocarpon
(Synonym Athyrium pycnocarpon)
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Common Name: = Glade Fern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B32
Grower: 7/12/2006 The Flower Factory (Stoughton, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Erect and sturdy fronds. Typical height 12 inches.
06/05/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris affinis 'Crispa Barnes'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Crisped Golden-scaled Male (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe.
Grown in trial bed: L31
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Note: "Martin Rickard thinks that Dryopteris affinis (cambrensis) 'Crispa Barnes' is actually the crisped form of Dryopteris oreades", from Judith Jones of Fancy Fronds per private email correspondence.
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches. Label note lists cambrensis.
06/03/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris affinis 'Crispa Gracilis'

Common Name: = Crisped Golden-scaled Male (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe.
Grown in trial bed: L42, B23, B25, D11.
Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Dwarf fern. Fronds appear with curved hook tips.
06/04/2010 newly planted.

Dryopteris affinis 'Cristata'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Golden Scaled Male Fern (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe.
Grown in trial bed: B34
Grower: 8/31/2005 Kathy's Greenhouse (Menomonee Fall, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. 'Cristata' is a forked form where fronds are split off at the tip. The form is not as dramatic as Lady Fern types, but still interesting and distinctive. Typical height 15 inches.
06/06/2010 dead.

Dryopteris affinis 'Cristata the King'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Golden Scaled Male Fern (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe.
Grown in trial bed: L31
Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. "Cristata the King is the same as Cristata", Judith Jones (personal communication). Form is a forked where fronds are split off at the tip. The form is not as dramatic as Lady Fern types, but still interesting and distinctive. Crested pinnae tips and apex fan out along single plane. Typical height 15 inches.
06/03/2010 newly planted.

Dryopteris affinis 'Revolvens'
Additional Images
Common Name: = .
Grown in trial bed: L31, B34
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: New.
06/05/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris x australis
Naturally occurring hybrid of Dryopteris celsa x Dryopteris ludoviciana.
Additional Images
Common Name: = Dixie Wood Fern (USDA).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Southeast US.
Grown in trial bed: B34
Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC).
Note: This fern was re-titled as "x australis" as recommended by Judith Jones of Fancy Fronds per private email correspondence.
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 25 inches.
06/05/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris bissetiana
Additional Images
Common Name: = Beaded Wood Fern (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Southeast US.
Grown in trial bed: B41
Grower: 8/26/2003 3D Greenhouses (Mukwonago, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 10 inches.
06/05/2010 small, but heathy plant.

Dryopteris blanfordii
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Common Name: = Blanford's Wood Fern (Olsen).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China, India, Kasmir.
Grown in trial bed: L31
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Grew well for firsy year, but did not re-appear in 2009. Typical height 15 inches.
05/28/2009 dead.

Dryopteris campyloptera
Additional Images
Common Name: = Mountain woodfern (USDA).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to eastern US.
Grown in trial bed: B34
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: New. Note from Fancy Fronds, "or hybrid of carthusiana".
6/4/2009 healthy plant.

Dryopteris cambrensis
(Synonym: Dryopteris affinis subspecies cambrensis)
Additional Images
Common Name: = Narrow Golden Scaled Male Fern (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe.
Grown in trial bed: B33
Grower: 6/2/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).

06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.

Dryopteris carthusiana
(Synonym: Dryopteris austriaca)
(Synonym: Dryopteris spinulosa)
Additional Images
Common Name: = Spinulose Woodfern (USDA), Toothed Wood Fern.
Native to Wisconsin. Native to US.
Grown in trial bed: B34, B15, D11, Front
Grower #B34: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Grower #B15: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 20 inches.
06/04/2009 #B34 newly planted.
06/03/2010 #B15 newly planted.

Future image Dryopteris celsa

Common Name: = Log Fern (USDA).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to eastern USA.
Grown in trial bed: B15
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. This fern is Threatened, Endangered, or Extirpated in 7 of the 20 states where it originally grew. Grew well for first year, but did not re-appear in 2010. Typical height 25 inches.
06/05/2010 dead.

Dryopteris clintoniana
Additional Images
Common Name: = Clinton's woodfern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin. Native to eastern US.
Grown in trial bed: L31, B41
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: New.
6/4/2009 healthy plant.

Dryopteris x complexa 'Digitate' Type 1
Man-made hybrid of Dryopteris affinis x Dryopteris filix-mas.
Additional Images
Common Name: = Narrow Golden Scaled Male Fern (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe.
Grown in trial bed: B33
Grower: 6/2/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).

06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.

Dryopteris x complexa 'Robust'
Man-made hybrid of Dryopteris affinis x Dryopteris filix-mas.
Additional Images
Common Name: = Narrow Hybrid Golden-scaled Male (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: L22
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 15 inches.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris x complexa 'Stableri'
Man-made hybrid of Dryopteris affinis x Dryopteris filix-mas.
Additional Images
Common Name: = Narrow Hybrid Golden-scaled Male (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: L22
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 15 inches.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris x complexa 'Stableri Crisped'
Man-made hybrid of Dryopteris affinis x Dryopteris filix-mas.
Additional Images
Common Name: = Crisped Narrow Hybrid Golden-scaled Male (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: L22
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 15 inches.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris crassirhizoma
Additional Images
Common Name: = China Woodfern (KP).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China, Japan.
Grown in trial bed: L31, B41
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: New.
06/04/2009 healthy plant.

Dryopteris cystolepidota
Additional Images
Common Name: = Manta-winged Autumn Fern (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Japan and Korea.
Grown in trial bed: B33
Grower: 6/2/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).

06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.

Dryopteris dilatata
Fertile hybrid of Dryopteris expansa x Dryopteris intermedia.
Additional Images
Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US and Europe. This specimen is the native form.
Grown in trial bed: L41, B31
Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 12 inches.
06/03/2010 newly planted.

Dryopteris dilatata 'Cristata'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US and Europe, but non-native form.
Grown in trial bed: L41, B34, B24, Front
Desc: 'Cristata' frond and pinna tips crested when fully developed.

Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).

09/06/2010 struggling.

Dryopteris dilatata 'Crispa Whiteside'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US and Europe, but non-native form.
Grown in trial bed: L41, B23
Desc: 'Cristata Whiteside' frond and pinna tips crested when fully developed. This form was discovered (or developed) originally in England from the Robert Whiteside's collection. The stock plant is from Reginald Kayeand, then to Judith Jones at Fancy Fronds.

Grower: 6/25/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).

06/25/2011 healthy, newly planted.

Dryopteris dilatata 'Jimmy Dyce'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US and Europe, but non-native form.
Grown in trial bed: L41, B31, B26, D12
Desc: 'Jimmy Dyce' pinna crowded and ruffled. Grows to 24 inches tall. This form was discovered (or developed) originally in England from the Jimmy Dyce's collection. The stock plant is from Isle of Arran on a British Pteridological Society (BPS) field trip with Judith Jones, then to Fancy Fronds.

Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).

06/03/2010 newly planted.

Dryopteris dilatata 'Lepidota Cristata'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US and Europe, but non-native form.
Grown in trial bed: L41, B31
Desc: 'Lepidota Cristata' fronds finely dissected and crested. Rachis brown and puffy scales. Grows to 20 inches tall.

Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).

06/03/2010 newly planted.

Dryopteris dilatata 'Recurved'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US and Europe, but non-native form.
Grown in trial bed: L41, B31
Desc: 'Recurved' margins are strongly curved downward.

Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).

06/03/2010 newly planted.

Dryopteris dilatata 'Stansfiledii'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US and Europe, but non-native form.
Grown in trial bed: L41, B23, B33 Desc: 'Stansfiledii' frond and pinna tips crested when fully developed. This form was discovered (or developed) probably in England from the F. W. Stansfield's collection (Stansfield was a 1912 fern collector in England). Then to Judith Jones at Fancy Fronds.

Grower: 6/24/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).

06/25/2011 healthy, newly planted.

Dryopteris erythrosora
Additional Images
Common Name: = Japanese Red Shield Fern. Autumn Fern (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Japan and China.
Grown in trial bed: B22, L31
Grower: varius.

Note: Attempted this fern three times, all died. It does not grow here.
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Spring growth begins late, first leaves are not completely opened until June 10th. Fronds are initially reddish bronze colored, then fade to dark green.
06/01/2009 dead.

Future image Dryopteris expansa

Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US.
Grown in trial bed: B15
Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height ?? inches.
09/06/2010 struggling.

Dryopteris filix-mas
Additional Images
Common Name: = Male Fern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B15
Grower: 8/4/2005 Home Depot (Milwaukee, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Clump forming. Healthy growing fern that is substantially smaller than Dryopteris marginalis. It's a nice garden fern, but nothing special. Typical height 15 inches.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris filix-mas 'Barnesii'
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Common Name: = Narrow Male Fern (FF).
Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form.
Grown in trial bed: B52
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 13 inches.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris filix-mas 'Cristata Jackson'
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Common Name: = Crested Male Fern (FF).
Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form.
Grown in trial bed: B52
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 10 inches.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris filix-mas 'Cristata Martindale'
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Common Name: = Fish-tail Crested Male Fern (FF).
Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form.
Grown in trial bed: B52, L21
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 10 inches.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris filix-mas 'Crispatissima'
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Common Name: = Crested Male Fern.
Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form.
Grown in trial bed: B52, L21, D11, D12
Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 12 inches.
06/03/2010 newly planted.

Dryopteris filix-mas 'Grandiceps'
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Common Name: = Grandicapital Male Fern (FF).
Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form.
Grown in trial bed: B52, L21
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 10 inches.
06/04/2009 healthy plant.

Dryopteris filix-mas 'Grandiceps Wills'
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Common Name: = Grandicapital Male Fern (FF).
Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form.
Grown in trial bed: B52
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 7 inches.
06/04/2009 small, but healthy plant.

Dryopteris filix-mas 'Linearis Congesta'
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Common Name: = Crested Male Fern.
Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form.
Grown in trial bed: B52, L21, D11, D12
Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 12 inches.
06/06/2010 newly planted.

Dryopteris filix-mas 'Linearis Polydactyla'
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Common Name: = Slender Crested Male Fern (FF).
Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form.
Grown in trial bed: B52, L21
Grower: 7/1/2006 ?? (Milwaukee, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 23 inches.
Note: This fern was re-identified as form 'Linearis Polydactyla' by Judith Jones of Fancy Fronds per private email correspondence.

06/06/2010 newly planted.

Dryopteris filix-mas 'Parsley'
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Common Name: = Male Fern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form.
Grown in trial bed: B52, L21
Grower: 7/1/2006 ?? (Milwaukee, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Clump has double in size over one year. Typical height 16 inches.
06/03/2010 newly planted.

Dryopteris formosana
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Common Name: = Formosa Male Fern (KP).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Japan, Philippines, and Taiwan.
Grown in trial bed: L31, B25
Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 12 inches.
06/03/2010 newly planted.

Dryopteris goldiana
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Common Name: = Goldie's Woodfern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B15, B33, F.
Grower#1: 5/1/1999 Shady Oaks Nursery (MN).
Grower#2: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Does not transplant well. Alive, but not vigorous. Very few fronds are produced. Clump forming, but clump does not expand. Typical height 30 inches.
06/06/2010 newly planted.

Dryopteris kuratae
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Common Name: = unknown.
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Asia.
Grown in trial bed: B34
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Note: "Dryotperis kuratae is often labeled as pcynopteroides. The identification for this population came from Dr. Hoshizaki who sent it off to Japan for verification", from Judith Jones of Fancy Fronds per private email correspondence
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches.
06/04/2010 struggling.

Dryopteris marginalis
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Common Name: = Marginal Woodfern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin. Typically found on shaded cliffs.
Grown in trial bed: B15, B32, B34
Grower: 5/25/2001 Wild Ones (WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Slightly bluish green cast to fronds. Nice strongly upright shape, vase like. Hardy clump grower, but does not spread. Healthy, vigorous, and attractive garden fern. This is a most overlooked species that has great appeal for the gardener. Typical height 25 inches.
06/04/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris oreades
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Common Name: = Mountain Male Fern (Hoshizaki).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe.
Grown in trial bed: L31
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Smaller than D. filix-mas with more narrow blades. Typical height 15 inches.
06/04/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris x remota
Naturally occuring hybrid of Dryopteris affinis x Dryopteris expansa
Additional Images
Common Name: = Glade Fern.
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe.
Grown in trial bed: B41
Grower: 7/12/2006 The Flower Factory (Stoughton, WI).
Note: This fern was re-titled as "x remota" as recommended by Judith Jones of Fancy Fronds per private email correspondence.
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 10 inches.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris sacrosancta
Additional Images
Common Name: = .
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China, Japan, and Korea.
Grown in trial bed: L31
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris x separabilis
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Common Name: = Separate Woodfern (FF).
Hybrid of Dryopteris celsa x Dryopteris intermedia.
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to eastern US.
Grown in trial bed: B34, B24
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: New.
06/05/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris stewartii
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Common Name: = Stewart's Wood Fern (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Asia.
Grown in trial bed: L31
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris sub-atrata
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Common Name: = Shaggy Woodfern (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe.
Grown in trial bed: B34, B24
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: New.
09/06/2010 struggling.

Dryopteris tokyoensis
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Common Name: = Tokyo Wood Fern.
Native to Japan, Korea.
Grown in trial bed: B41
Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 15 inches.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Dryopteris uniformis 'Cristata'
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Common Name: = Crested Uniform Wood Fern (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China, Japan, and Korea.
Grown in trial bed: L31, B25
Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height ?? inches.
06/03/2010 newly planted.

Gymnocarpium dryopteris
Fertile hybrid Gymnocarpium appalachianum x Gymnocarpium disjunctum.
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Common Name: = Western Oakfern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern USA, Europe, China and Japan.
Grown in trial bed: L42, B15
Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Grower: 6/1/2011 Prairie Moon Nursery (Winona, MN).
Desc: Grows to 10 inches.
06/04/2010 newly planted (Fancy Fronds).
06/01/2011 newly planted (Prairie Moon Nursery).

Matteuccia struthiopteris
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Common Name: = Ostrich Fern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B21, P, F
Grower: 7/7/1998 Shady Acres (New Berlin, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. This is a very agressive fern that has become a weed in our yard. Once established, the fern spreads out via underground runners to produce new off shoots. One plants fills in 5 ft x 5 ft section in 5 years. In wet areas, it expands more rapidly. We removed it from our small trail beds where its aggressive nature smothered out neighboring plants. We use it along border areas to stabilize slopes. Attractive plant, but it does not play well with others. Typical height 25 inches.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Onoclea sensibilis
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Common Name: = Sensitive Fern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: L13, P
Grower: 5/25/2000 K. Van Bourgandien.
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches. Autumn fronds turn yellow color.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Osmunda cinnamomea

Common Name: = Cinnamon Fern (USDA).
Family: Osmundaceae.
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B27, B24
Grower: 6/27/2005 Shady Acres (New Berlin, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Erect sterile fronds, no fertile fronds observed, fronds few in number, not robust. Typical height 15 inches.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Osmunda claytoniana
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Common Name: = Interrupted Fern (USDA).
Family: Osmundaceae.
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B27
Grower: 7/7/1998 Holdridge (Lake Nocomis, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Erect fronds with mid-frond fertile spore body forming. Typical height 24 inches. Autumn fronds turn golden brown color.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Osmunda regalis
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Common Name: = Royal Fern (USDA).
Family: Osmundaceae.
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B22, B27
Grower: 5/1/1999 Shady Acres (New Berlin, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Erect fronds with top-frond fertile spore body forming, robust plant.Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 20 inches. Autumn fronds turn golden brown color.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Osmunda regalis variety regalis
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Common Name: = Royal Fern (USDA).
Family: Osmundaceae.
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B21, D11
Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Fronds are leathery with sessile pinnae. Rachis hairs are dark and numerous.
06/03/2010 newly planted.

Osmunda regalis variety regalis 'Bronze Form'
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Common Name: = Royal Fern (USDA).
Family: Osmundaceae.
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B33
Grower: 6/2/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: 'Purpurascens' rachis and stipes tinged with purple.
06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.

Osmunda regalis variety regalis 'Cristata'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Royal Fern (USDA).
Family: Osmundaceae.
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B21, D11
Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: 'Cristata' pinnae crested at tips.
06/03/2010 newly planted.

Osmunda regalis variety regalis 'Purpurascens'
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Common Name: = Royal Fern (USDA).
Family: Osmundaceae.
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B21, D11
Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: 'Purpurascens' rachis and stipes tinged with purple.
06/03/2010 newly planted.

Osmunda regalis variety regalis 'Undulatifolia'
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Common Name: = Royal Fern (USDA).
Family: Osmundaceae.
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B21, D11
Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: 'Undulatifolia' .
06/03/2010 newly planted.

Pentarhizidium orientales
Additional Images
Common Name: = Oriental Ostrich Fern (FF).
Family: Dryopteridaceae
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Asia.
Grown in trial bed: B33.
Desc: Grown in nearly full sun, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 10 inches.
Taxonomic Note: Gerald Gastony and Mark Ungerer, Department of Biology, Indiana University, published in the American Journal of Botany 84(6): 840�849. 1997. Proposing that Pentarhizidium orientalis be raised to species level in tribe Onocleeae, formerly subfamily Onocleoideae, of family Dryopteridaceae. Exact taxonomy is still likely best described as "phylogenetically challenging".
Grower: 6/25/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).

06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.

Phegopteris connectilis
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Common Name: = Long Beechfern (USDA).
Family: Thelypteridaceae.
Native to Wisconsin (southwest). Native to Northern US.
Grown in trial bed: B33.
Grower: 6/25/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in nearly full sun, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 10 inches.
06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.

Polystichum acrostichoides
Additional Images
Common Name: = Christmas Fern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B21, B22, B25
Grower: 5/8/1998 Shady Acres (New Berlin, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Feathery fronds. This is one of the must have ferns for the collector. It performs well in either shade or sun. Typical height 15 inches.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Polystichum aculeatum
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Common Name: = Hard Shield Fern (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe.
Grown in trial bed: B34
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: New.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Polystichum braunii
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Common Name: = Braun's Holly Fern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin.
Grown in trial bed: B34, B25
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Very attractive fronds. This is one of our best new finds. Healthy plant, but slow to expand. Typical height 10 inches.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Polystichum x dycei
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Common Name: = Dyce's Hybrid Holly Fern.
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe.
Grown in trial bed: B24
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 10 inches.
06/06/2010 healthy plant.

Polystichum makinoi
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Common Name: = Makino Shield Fern (PDN).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China to India.
Grown in trial bed: B24.
Grower: 4/20/2007 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 24 inches.
09/18/2008 dead.

Future image Polystichum neolobatum (alpine form)

Common Name: = Spiny Holly Fern (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Asia.
Grown in trial bed: B24.
Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 10 inches. Alpine form.
05/27/2009 dead.

Polystichum polyblepharum
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Common Name: = Korean Tasselfern (USDA).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native Japan to Korea.
Grown in trial bed: B34.
Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 6 inches.
06/06/2010 dead.

Polystichum setiferum 'Plumosomultilobum'
Additional Images
Common Name: = Plumose Soft Shield Fern (FF).
Exotic to Wisconsin. .
Grown in trial bed: B34, B41.
Grower #B34: 06/04/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Grower #B41: 05/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 10 inches.
06/04/2009 #B34 healthy plant.
06/07/2010 #B41 dead.

Polystichum xiphophyllum
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Common Name: = The X Fern (PDN). Sword-leaved Holly Fern (FF)
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China.
Grown in trial bed: B25
Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 6 inches.
06/06/2006 dead.

Pteridium aquilinum
Additional Images
Common Name: = Bracken Fern.
Family: Dennstaedtiaceae.
Native to Wisconsin. Native to entire US. Typically found in dry woods and conifer forests.
Grown in trial bed: P
Grower: 7/7/1998 Holdridge (Lake Nocomis, WI)
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Once established, it aggressively speads out via underground runners to form new off shoots. New shoots are widely scattered, often several feet away from the parent plant. We removed it from our small trail beds where its random and scattered growth habit was distracting. It was difficult to contain this plant within the bounds of a small bed. After several years of actively weeding this from the bed, the fern routines reappears throughout the year. Burried roots are very long lasting. We now use it along border areas to stabilize slopes. Attractive plant with very bad manners. Typical height 25 inches.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Thelypteris beddomei
Collection #AIK-226
Additional Images
Common Name: = Korean Maiden Fern.
Family: Thelypteridaceae.
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Korea.
Grown in trial bed: B28, B34
Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Attractive feathery fronds. Rapidly growing and expanding plant. Appears to send out short runners and does not form clumps. Conventional wisdom claims that this plant is only hardy to zone 8. But it has overwintered in our zone 5 garden without any set back. It has been a healthy, vigorous, and rapidly expanding fern. Not invasive, but pushy. Typical height 15 inches.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Thelypteris decursive-pinnata
(Synonym: Phegopteris decursive-pinnata)
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Common Name: = Japanese Beech Fern (FF).
Family: Thelypteridaceae.
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China - Japan.
Grown in trial bed: B24
Grower: 7/1/2008 The Flower Factory (Stoughton, WI).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Attractive feathery fronds. Rapidly growing and expanding plant. Conventional wisdom claims that this plant is not hardy in zone 5. It has not overwintered in our zone 5 garden, next year will be the test. It appears as a healthy, vigorous, and rapidly expanding fern. Typical height 15 inches.
05/27/2009 declining plant.

Thelypteris kunthii

Common Name: = Kunth's Maiden Fern (USDA), Abundant Maiden Fern.
Family: Thelypteridaceae.
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Southeast US.
Grown in trial bed: B28
Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Finely toothed pinna. It did not re-appear in the garden in 2006. Typical height 15 inches.
05/25/2008 dead.

Thelypteris nevadensis
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Common Name: = Sierra Marsh Fern (USDA).
Family: Thelypteridaceae.
Exotic to Wisconsin (southwest). Native to Western US.
Grown in trial bed: B33.
Grower: 6/25/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in nearly full sun, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 10 inches.
06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.

Woodsia obtusa
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Common Name: = Bluntlobe Cliff Fern (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin (southwest). Native to Central and Eastern US. Typically found on shady sandy cliffs.
Grown in trial bed: B15
Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC).
Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Healthly plant, slow to expand. Fronds held upright. Fronds are unremarkable and small. Best to plant along a garden edge as it will be crowded out by the much larger Dryopteris ferns. Typical height 10 inches.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Woodsia polystichoides
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Common Name: = Hollyfern Woodsia.
Exotic to Wisconsin (southwest). Native to Asia.
Grown in trial bed: B33.
Grower: 6/25/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Grown in nearly full sun, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 10 inches.
06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.

Fern Photograph	Genus species 'Cultivar' - OR - Genus Hybrid 'Cultivar' Description and grower
	Adiantum aleuticum Additional Images Common Name: = Aleutian Maidenhair Fern (USDA). Family: Pteridaceae Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Alaska and Western US. Grown in trial bed: B23 Desc: Stiff erect leaves, angular distal lobes on the leaf segments, and deep sinuses. Grower: 6/24/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). 06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.
	Adiantum pedatum Common Name: = Northern Maidenhair Fern (USDA). Family: Pteridaceae Native to Wisconsin. Near stream margins, forest. Grown in trial bed: B33. Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. This fern survives in our garden, but it does not thrive. Fronds constantly looks dehydrited. Fern declines during the heat of summer. After years of growing this fern, it always appears unhappy. Typical height 12 inches. Taxonomy Note: Lin Youxing and Jefferson Pradoat Harvard University is working on and draft key of Adiantaceae. Nice key! Characterisic for pedatum is, "Fronds 1 to 3-palmate, dichotomously branched." Whereas, characterisic for venustrum is, "Fronds 2 to 4-pinnate." Grower: 5/25/2001 K. Van Bourgandien. 06/07/2010 struggling.
	Adiantum venustum Additional Images Common Name: = Himalayan Maidenhair Fern (FF).. Family: Pteridaceae Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to India, Myanmar. In rock crevices. Grown in trial bed: B32 Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. This fern survives in our garden, but it does not thrive. Taxonomy Note: Lin Youxing and Jefferson Prado at Harvard University is working on and draft key of Adiantaceae. Nice key! Characterisic for pedatum is, "Fronds 1 to 3-palmate, dichotomously branched." Whereas, characterisic for venustrum is, "Fronds 2 to 4-pinnate." In addition, the botanists observe venustum, "Indusia orbicular, upper margins sinuses, veins of pinnule distinctly raised, abaxially green." Grower: 6/24/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). 06/07/2010 struggling.
	Arachniodes standishii Additional Images Common Name: = Upside Down Fern (PDN). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Korea, Uulong Island. Grown in trial bed: B34, B24. Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 8 inches. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Athyrium filix-femina Common Name: = Common Ladyfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B28 Grower: 6/22/2005 Northwind Perennial Farm (Lake Geneva, WI). Note: This is a native fern in our region and it should successfuly grow in our garden. It is merely by bad luck that this fern died. Don't read any more into this then that. We plan to replace it. Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Fern grew well for the first few years, but did not re-appear in 2008. Typical height 20 inches. 05/25/2008 dead.
	Athyrium filix-femina subspecies cyclosorum Additional Images Common Name: = . Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to western US. Grown in trial bed: B32, B34 Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in full sun, richly composted raised bed. Healthy growing plant. Typical height 9 inches. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Athyrium filix-femina 'Dre's Dagger' Additional Images Common Name: = Lady Fern. Species native to Wisconsin, form exotic to Wisconsin. Form native to Europe? Grown in trial bed: B32 Grower: 7/1/2006 Menomonee Falls, WI. Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. This is likely a sport of 'Victoriae'. Pinna along frond criss cross. Tip of frond crested. Typical height 10 inches. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Athyrium filix-femina 'Encourage' Additional Images Common Name: = Lady Fern. Species native to Wisconsin, form exotic to Wisconsin. Form native to Europe? Grown in trial bed: B22, B32 Grower: 8/25/2003 Klehm (IL). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. 'Encourage' is a "crested form" where fronds are forked at the tip. Interesting and attractive addition to the showy garden. Nice clump forming specimen plant. Typical height 10 inches. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Athyrium filix-femina 'Frizelliae' Additional Images Common Name: = Lady Fern. Species native to Wisconsin, form exotic to Wisconsin. Form native to Europe? Grown in trial bed: B32 Grower: 5/30/2004 Hwy 73 Farm Market (Plainfield, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. 'Frizelliea' is a "congested form" where pinna produce button-like leaflets along the rachis. Interesting and attractive addition to the showy garden. Nice clump forming specimen plant. Typical height 15 inches. 06/07/2010 stuggling.
	Athyrium filix-femina 'Victoriae' Additional Images Common Name: = Victoria Lady Fern. Species native to Wisconsin, form exotic to Wisconsin. Form native to Europe? Grown in trial bed: B25 Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. 'Victoriae' is a "cruciate form" where each pinna produce dual forks. Forks are held at 45 degree angles from the rachis. Each pinna half crosses the following pinna. The frond is essentially a series of crisscrossed leaflets. Interesting and attractive addition to the showy garden. Nice clump forming specimen plant. Typical height 15 inches. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Athyrium filix-femina ssp. angustum (Synonym: Athyrium angustum) (Synonym: Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum) Additional Image Common Name: = Subarctic Lady Fern (USDA), Northern Lady Fern. Species native to Wisconsin, subspecies exotic to Wisconsin. Subspecies native to Europe and Asia. Grown in trial bed: B22 Grower: . Desc: Grown in part sun, richly composted raised bed. Vigorous growing plant that does not spread. Typical height 20 inches. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Athyrium filix-femina ssp. angustum 'Lady In Red' (Synonym: Athyrium angustum 'Lady In Red') (Synonym: Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum 'Lady In Red') (Synonym: Athyrium angustum forma rubellum 'Lady In Red') Additional Image Common Name: = Lady Fern. Species native to Wisconsin, subspecies exotic to Wisconsin. Subspecies native to Europe and Asia. Grown in trial bed: B32 Grower: 7/1/2005 3D Greenhouses (Mukwonago, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Cloned (tissue cultured) from plant discovered by New England Wildflower Society. Burgundy red colored stems. Our plant displays strikingly more burgundy red color then the ordinary Athyrium filix-femina. Typical height 15 inches. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Athyrium filix-femina x niponicum 'Branford Beauty' Additional Image Common Name: = Branford Beauty Fern. Ancestory = 50% Athyrium filix-femina 50% Athyrium niponicum Exotic to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B28 Grower: 7/1/2005 3D Greenhouses (Mukwonago, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Attractive colored fronds, but not as striking as 'Ghost'. Hardy grower that does not spread. Typical height 20 inches. Nick Nicou (Branford, CT) hybrid of Athyrium filix-femina x Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum'. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Athyrium filix-femina x niponicum 'Ghost' Additional Images Common Name: = Ghost fern. Ancestory = 50% Athyrium filix-femina 50% Athyrium niponicum Exotic to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B28, B32 Grower#B32: 5/30/2004 Hwy 73 Farm Market (Plainfield, WI). Grower#B28: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Attractive and unique light colored fronds. Hardy grower, but does not spread. This is an excellent addition to the showy garden. Typical height 25 inches. Nancy Swell (Virginia) hybrid of Athyrium filix-femina x Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum'. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Athyrium niponicum 'Applecourt' Common Name: = Japanese Painted Fern. Native to Japan. Grown in trial bed: L42 Grower: 6/03/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Crested tip of fronds. Typical height 15 inches. 06/04/2010 newly planted.
	Athyrium niponicum 'Burgundy Lace' Additional Images Common Name: = Japanese Painted Fern. Native to Japan. Grown in trial bed: B32 Grower: 7/10/2004 Terra Nova (Tigard, OR). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. The 'Burgundy Lace' cultivar is greatly over-rated. We found the burgundy color to be nearly indistinguisable from ordinary Japanese Painted Fern. Without our field notes, we would have a difficult time finding this cultivar among a mixed bed of Japanese Painted Ferns. Typical height 8 inches, sometimes only 4 inches. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Athyrium niponicum 'Pewter Lace' Additional Images Common Name: = Japanese Painted Fern. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Japan. Grown in trial bed: B32 Grower: 7/10/2004 Terra Nova (Tigard, OR). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. The 'Pewter Lace' cultivar is greatly over-rated. We found the pewter color to be nearly indistinguisable from ordinary Japanese Painted Fern. Without our field notes, we would have a difficult time finding this cultivar among a mixed bed of Japanese Painted Ferns. Typical height 8 inches, sometimes only 4 inches. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum' Additional Images Common Name: = Japanese Painted Fern. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Japan. Grown in trial bed: L41, B28, B32, B33 Grower #L41: 6/4/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Grower #various beds: 5/1/1997 Shady Acres (New Berlin, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Athyrium otophorum Additional Images Common Name: = Asian Lady Fern. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China and Japan. Grown in trial bed: B32, F Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Leaves lay out mostly horizontal. Not a vigorous grower in our zone. Attractive small specimen plant. Typical height 10 inches. 06/07/2010 struggling, not happy.
	Blechnum penna-marina subspecies alpina Additional Images Common Name: = . Family: Blechnaceae. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Asia. Grown in trial bed: L31, F Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Very tiny fern with interest texture and form. Typical height 2 inches. 06/03/2010 healthy plant.
Future image	Blechnum spicant Common Name: = Deer Fern (USDA). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Western US. Grown in trial bed: B25. Grower: 7/6/2006 Prospect Hill Nursery (Milwaukee, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. It did not re-appear in the garden in 2007. Typical height 10 inches. 05/25/2007 dead.
	Cyrtomium fortunei Collection #AIK-140 Additional Images Common Name: = Asian Netvein Hollyfern (USDA). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China, Japan, Korea. Grown in trial bed: B25. Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Fronds lay out mostly horizontal. Very interesting and attractive holly like leaves. Excellent exotic addition to the garden, but it does not survive in our zone. Typical height 15 inches. 05/28/2009 dead.
	Cyrtomium fortunei variety clivicola Additional Images Common Name: = Asian Netvein Hollyfern (USDA). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China, Japan, Korea. Grown in trial bed: B33. B23. Grower: 6/25/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Fronds lay out mostly horizontal. Very interesting and attractive holly like leaves. Excellent exotic addition to the garden, but it may not survive in our zone. Typical height 15 inches. 06/25/2011 healthy, newly planted.
	Dennstaedtia punctilobula (additional image) Common Name: = Eastern Hayscented Fern (USDA). Family: Dennstaedtiaceae. Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B14 Grower: 8/31/2005 Johnson Nursery (Menomonee Fall, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Feathery fronds that often appear to be drooping from dehydration, even when properly watered. This drooping habit makes the plant less desirable in a showy garden. Typical height 10 inches. 06/03/2010 healthy plant.
	Diplazium pycnocarpon (Synonym Athyrium pycnocarpon) Additional Images Common Name: = Glade Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B32 Grower: 7/12/2006 The Flower Factory (Stoughton, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Erect and sturdy fronds. Typical height 12 inches. 06/05/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris affinis 'Crispa Barnes' Additional Images Common Name: = Crisped Golden-scaled Male (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: L31 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Note: "Martin Rickard thinks that Dryopteris affinis (cambrensis) 'Crispa Barnes' is actually the crisped form of Dryopteris oreades", from Judith Jones of Fancy Fronds per private email correspondence. Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches. Label note lists cambrensis. 06/03/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris affinis 'Crispa Gracilis' Common Name: = Crisped Golden-scaled Male (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: L42, B23, B25, D11. Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Dwarf fern. Fronds appear with curved hook tips. 06/04/2010 newly planted.
	Dryopteris affinis 'Cristata' Additional Images Common Name: = Golden Scaled Male Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: B34 Grower: 8/31/2005 Kathy's Greenhouse (Menomonee Fall, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. 'Cristata' is a forked form where fronds are split off at the tip. The form is not as dramatic as Lady Fern types, but still interesting and distinctive. Typical height 15 inches. 06/06/2010 dead.
	Dryopteris affinis 'Cristata the King' Additional Images Common Name: = Golden Scaled Male Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: L31 Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. "Cristata the King is the same as Cristata", Judith Jones (personal communication). Form is a forked where fronds are split off at the tip. The form is not as dramatic as Lady Fern types, but still interesting and distinctive. Crested pinnae tips and apex fan out along single plane. Typical height 15 inches. 06/03/2010 newly planted.
	Dryopteris affinis 'Revolvens' Additional Images Common Name: = . Grown in trial bed: L31, B34 Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: New. 06/05/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris x australis Naturally occurring hybrid of Dryopteris celsa x Dryopteris ludoviciana. Additional Images Common Name: = Dixie Wood Fern (USDA). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Southeast US. Grown in trial bed: B34 Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Note: This fern was re-titled as "x australis" as recommended by Judith Jones of Fancy Fronds per private email correspondence. Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 25 inches. 06/05/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris bissetiana Additional Images Common Name: = Beaded Wood Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Southeast US. Grown in trial bed: B41 Grower: 8/26/2003 3D Greenhouses (Mukwonago, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 10 inches. 06/05/2010 small, but heathy plant.
	Dryopteris blanfordii Additional Images Common Name: = Blanford's Wood Fern (Olsen). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China, India, Kasmir. Grown in trial bed: L31 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Grew well for firsy year, but did not re-appear in 2009. Typical height 15 inches. 05/28/2009 dead.
	Dryopteris campyloptera Additional Images Common Name: = Mountain woodfern (USDA). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to eastern US. Grown in trial bed: B34 Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: New. Note from Fancy Fronds, "or hybrid of carthusiana". 6/4/2009 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris cambrensis (Synonym: Dryopteris affinis subspecies cambrensis) Additional Images Common Name: = Narrow Golden Scaled Male Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: B33 Grower: 6/2/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). 06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.
	Dryopteris carthusiana (Synonym: Dryopteris austriaca) (Synonym: Dryopteris spinulosa) Additional Images Common Name: = Spinulose Woodfern (USDA), Toothed Wood Fern. Native to Wisconsin. Native to US. Grown in trial bed: B34, B15, D11, Front Grower #B34: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Grower #B15: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 20 inches. 06/04/2009 #B34 newly planted. 06/03/2010 #B15 newly planted.
Future image	Dryopteris celsa Common Name: = Log Fern (USDA). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to eastern USA. Grown in trial bed: B15 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. This fern is Threatened, Endangered, or Extirpated in 7 of the 20 states where it originally grew. Grew well for first year, but did not re-appear in 2010. Typical height 25 inches. 06/05/2010 dead.
	Dryopteris clintoniana Additional Images Common Name: = Clinton's woodfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Native to eastern US. Grown in trial bed: L31, B41 Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: New. 6/4/2009 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris x complexa 'Digitate' Type 1 Man-made hybrid of Dryopteris affinis x Dryopteris filix-mas. Additional Images Common Name: = Narrow Golden Scaled Male Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: B33 Grower: 6/2/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). 06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.
	Dryopteris x complexa 'Robust' Man-made hybrid of Dryopteris affinis x Dryopteris filix-mas. Additional Images Common Name: = Narrow Hybrid Golden-scaled Male (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: L22 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 15 inches. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris x complexa 'Stableri' Man-made hybrid of Dryopteris affinis x Dryopteris filix-mas. Additional Images Common Name: = Narrow Hybrid Golden-scaled Male (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: L22 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 15 inches. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris x complexa 'Stableri Crisped' Man-made hybrid of Dryopteris affinis x Dryopteris filix-mas. Additional Images Common Name: = Crisped Narrow Hybrid Golden-scaled Male (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: L22 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 15 inches. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris crassirhizoma Additional Images Common Name: = China Woodfern (KP). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China, Japan. Grown in trial bed: L31, B41 Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: New. 06/04/2009 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris cystolepidota Additional Images Common Name: = Manta-winged Autumn Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Japan and Korea. Grown in trial bed: B33 Grower: 6/2/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). 06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.
	Dryopteris dilatata Fertile hybrid of Dryopteris expansa x Dryopteris intermedia. Additional Images Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US and Europe. This specimen is the native form. Grown in trial bed: L41, B31 Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 12 inches. 06/03/2010 newly planted.
	Dryopteris dilatata 'Cristata' Additional Images Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US and Europe, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: L41, B34, B24, Front Desc: 'Cristata' frond and pinna tips crested when fully developed. Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). 09/06/2010 struggling.
	Dryopteris dilatata 'Crispa Whiteside' Additional Images Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US and Europe, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: L41, B23 Desc: 'Cristata Whiteside' frond and pinna tips crested when fully developed. This form was discovered (or developed) originally in England from the Robert Whiteside's collection. The stock plant is from Reginald Kayeand, then to Judith Jones at Fancy Fronds. Grower: 6/25/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). 06/25/2011 healthy, newly planted.
	Dryopteris dilatata 'Jimmy Dyce' Additional Images Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US and Europe, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: L41, B31, B26, D12 Desc: 'Jimmy Dyce' pinna crowded and ruffled. Grows to 24 inches tall. This form was discovered (or developed) originally in England from the Jimmy Dyce's collection. The stock plant is from Isle of Arran on a British Pteridological Society (BPS) field trip with Judith Jones, then to Fancy Fronds. Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). 06/03/2010 newly planted.
	Dryopteris dilatata 'Lepidota Cristata' Additional Images Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US and Europe, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: L41, B31 Desc: 'Lepidota Cristata' fronds finely dissected and crested. Rachis brown and puffy scales. Grows to 20 inches tall. Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). 06/03/2010 newly planted.
	Dryopteris dilatata 'Recurved' Additional Images Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US and Europe, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: L41, B31 Desc: 'Recurved' margins are strongly curved downward. Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). 06/03/2010 newly planted.
	Dryopteris dilatata 'Stansfiledii' Additional Images Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US and Europe, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: L41, B23, B33 Desc: 'Stansfiledii' frond and pinna tips crested when fully developed. This form was discovered (or developed) probably in England from the F. W. Stansfield's collection (Stansfield was a 1912 fern collector in England). Then to Judith Jones at Fancy Fronds. Grower: 6/24/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). 06/25/2011 healthy, newly planted.
	Dryopteris erythrosora Additional Images Common Name: = Japanese Red Shield Fern. Autumn Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Japan and China. Grown in trial bed: B22, L31 Grower: varius. Note: Attempted this fern three times, all died. It does not grow here. Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Spring growth begins late, first leaves are not completely opened until June 10th. Fronds are initially reddish bronze colored, then fade to dark green. 06/01/2009 dead.
Future image	Dryopteris expansa Common Name: = Spreading Woodfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern US. Grown in trial bed: B15 Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height ?? inches. 09/06/2010 struggling.
	Dryopteris filix-mas Additional Images Common Name: = Male Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B15 Grower: 8/4/2005 Home Depot (Milwaukee, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Clump forming. Healthy growing fern that is substantially smaller than Dryopteris marginalis. It's a nice garden fern, but nothing special. Typical height 15 inches. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris filix-mas 'Barnesii' Additional Images Common Name: = Narrow Male Fern (FF). Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: B52 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 13 inches. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris filix-mas 'Cristata Jackson' Additional Images Common Name: = Crested Male Fern (FF). Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: B52 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 10 inches. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris filix-mas 'Cristata Martindale' Additional Images Common Name: = Fish-tail Crested Male Fern (FF). Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: B52, L21 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 10 inches. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris filix-mas 'Crispatissima' Additional Images Common Name: = Crested Male Fern. Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: B52, L21, D11, D12 Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 12 inches. 06/03/2010 newly planted.
	Dryopteris filix-mas 'Grandiceps' Additional Images Common Name: = Grandicapital Male Fern (FF). Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: B52, L21 Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 10 inches. 06/04/2009 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris filix-mas 'Grandiceps Wills' Additional Images Common Name: = Grandicapital Male Fern (FF). Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: B52 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 7 inches. 06/04/2009 small, but healthy plant.
	Dryopteris filix-mas 'Linearis Congesta' Additional Images Common Name: = Crested Male Fern. Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: B52, L21, D11, D12 Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 12 inches. 06/06/2010 newly planted.
	Dryopteris filix-mas 'Linearis Polydactyla' Additional Images Common Name: = Slender Crested Male Fern (FF). Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: B52, L21 Grower: 7/1/2006 ?? (Milwaukee, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 23 inches. Note: This fern was re-identified as form 'Linearis Polydactyla' by Judith Jones of Fancy Fronds per private email correspondence. 06/06/2010 newly planted.
	Dryopteris filix-mas 'Parsley' Additional Images Common Name: = Male Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: B52, L21 Grower: 7/1/2006 ?? (Milwaukee, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Clump has double in size over one year. Typical height 16 inches. 06/03/2010 newly planted.
	Dryopteris formosana Additional Images Common Name: = Formosa Male Fern (KP). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Japan, Philippines, and Taiwan. Grown in trial bed: L31, B25 Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 12 inches. 06/03/2010 newly planted.
	Dryopteris goldiana Additional Images Common Name: = Goldie's Woodfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B15, B33, F. Grower#1: 5/1/1999 Shady Oaks Nursery (MN). Grower#2: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Does not transplant well. Alive, but not vigorous. Very few fronds are produced. Clump forming, but clump does not expand. Typical height 30 inches. 06/06/2010 newly planted.
	Dryopteris kuratae Additional Images Common Name: = unknown. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Asia. Grown in trial bed: B34 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Note: "Dryotperis kuratae is often labeled as pcynopteroides. The identification for this population came from Dr. Hoshizaki who sent it off to Japan for verification", from Judith Jones of Fancy Fronds per private email correspondence Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches. 06/04/2010 struggling.
	Dryopteris marginalis Additional Images Common Name: = Marginal Woodfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Typically found on shaded cliffs. Grown in trial bed: B15, B32, B34 Grower: 5/25/2001 Wild Ones (WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Slightly bluish green cast to fronds. Nice strongly upright shape, vase like. Hardy clump grower, but does not spread. Healthy, vigorous, and attractive garden fern. This is a most overlooked species that has great appeal for the gardener. Typical height 25 inches. 06/04/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris oreades Additional Images Common Name: = Mountain Male Fern (Hoshizaki). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: L31 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Smaller than D. filix-mas with more narrow blades. Typical height 15 inches. 06/04/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris x remota Naturally occuring hybrid of Dryopteris affinis x Dryopteris expansa Additional Images Common Name: = Glade Fern. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: B41 Grower: 7/12/2006 The Flower Factory (Stoughton, WI). Note: This fern was re-titled as "x remota" as recommended by Judith Jones of Fancy Fronds per private email correspondence. Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 10 inches. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris sacrosancta Additional Images Common Name: = . Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China, Japan, and Korea. Grown in trial bed: L31 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris x separabilis Additional Images Common Name: = Separate Woodfern (FF). Hybrid of Dryopteris celsa x Dryopteris intermedia. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to eastern US. Grown in trial bed: B34, B24 Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: New. 06/05/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris stewartii Additional Images Common Name: = Stewart's Wood Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Asia. Grown in trial bed: L31 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris sub-atrata Additional Images Common Name: = Shaggy Woodfern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: B34, B24 Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: New. 09/06/2010 struggling.
	Dryopteris tokyoensis Additional Images Common Name: = Tokyo Wood Fern. Native to Japan, Korea. Grown in trial bed: B41 Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 15 inches. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Dryopteris uniformis 'Cristata' Additional Images Common Name: = Crested Uniform Wood Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China, Japan, and Korea. Grown in trial bed: L31, B25 Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height ?? inches. 06/03/2010 newly planted.
	Gymnocarpium dryopteris Fertile hybrid Gymnocarpium appalachianum x Gymnocarpium disjunctum. Additional Images Common Name: = Western Oakfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Native to northern USA, Europe, China and Japan. Grown in trial bed: L42, B15 Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Grower: 6/1/2011 Prairie Moon Nursery (Winona, MN). Desc: Grows to 10 inches. 06/04/2010 newly planted (Fancy Fronds). 06/01/2011 newly planted (Prairie Moon Nursery).
	Matteuccia struthiopteris Additional Images Common Name: = Ostrich Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B21, P, F Grower: 7/7/1998 Shady Acres (New Berlin, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. This is a very agressive fern that has become a weed in our yard. Once established, the fern spreads out via underground runners to produce new off shoots. One plants fills in 5 ft x 5 ft section in 5 years. In wet areas, it expands more rapidly. We removed it from our small trail beds where its aggressive nature smothered out neighboring plants. We use it along border areas to stabilize slopes. Attractive plant, but it does not play well with others. Typical height 25 inches. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Onoclea sensibilis Additional Images Common Name: = Sensitive Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: L13, P Grower: 5/25/2000 K. Van Bourgandien. Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches. Autumn fronds turn yellow color. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Osmunda cinnamomea Common Name: = Cinnamon Fern (USDA). Family: Osmundaceae. Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B27, B24 Grower: 6/27/2005 Shady Acres (New Berlin, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Erect sterile fronds, no fertile fronds observed, fronds few in number, not robust. Typical height 15 inches. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Osmunda claytoniana Additional Images Common Name: = Interrupted Fern (USDA). Family: Osmundaceae. Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B27 Grower: 7/7/1998 Holdridge (Lake Nocomis, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Erect fronds with mid-frond fertile spore body forming. Typical height 24 inches. Autumn fronds turn golden brown color. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Osmunda regalis Additional Images Common Name: = Royal Fern (USDA). Family: Osmundaceae. Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B22, B27 Grower: 5/1/1999 Shady Acres (New Berlin, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Erect fronds with top-frond fertile spore body forming, robust plant.Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 20 inches. Autumn fronds turn golden brown color. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Osmunda regalis variety regalis Additional Images Common Name: = Royal Fern (USDA). Family: Osmundaceae. Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B21, D11 Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Fronds are leathery with sessile pinnae. Rachis hairs are dark and numerous. 06/03/2010 newly planted.
	Osmunda regalis variety regalis 'Bronze Form' Additional Images Common Name: = Royal Fern (USDA). Family: Osmundaceae. Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B33 Grower: 6/2/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: 'Purpurascens' rachis and stipes tinged with purple. 06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.
	Osmunda regalis variety regalis 'Cristata' Additional Images Common Name: = Royal Fern (USDA). Family: Osmundaceae. Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B21, D11 Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: 'Cristata' pinnae crested at tips. 06/03/2010 newly planted.
	Osmunda regalis variety regalis 'Purpurascens' Additional Images Common Name: = Royal Fern (USDA). Family: Osmundaceae. Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B21, D11 Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: 'Purpurascens' rachis and stipes tinged with purple. 06/03/2010 newly planted.
	Osmunda regalis variety regalis 'Undulatifolia' Additional Images Common Name: = Royal Fern (USDA). Family: Osmundaceae. Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B21, D11 Grower: 6/3/2010 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: 'Undulatifolia' . 06/03/2010 newly planted.
	Pentarhizidium orientales Additional Images Common Name: = Oriental Ostrich Fern (FF). Family: Dryopteridaceae Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Asia. Grown in trial bed: B33. Desc: Grown in nearly full sun, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 10 inches. Taxonomic Note: Gerald Gastony and Mark Ungerer, Department of Biology, Indiana University, published in the American Journal of Botany 84(6): 840�849. 1997. Proposing that Pentarhizidium orientalis be raised to species level in tribe Onocleeae, formerly subfamily Onocleoideae, of family Dryopteridaceae. Exact taxonomy is still likely best described as "phylogenetically challenging". Grower: 6/25/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). 06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.
	Phegopteris connectilis Additional Images Common Name: = Long Beechfern (USDA). Family: Thelypteridaceae. Native to Wisconsin (southwest). Native to Northern US. Grown in trial bed: B33. Grower: 6/25/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in nearly full sun, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 10 inches. 06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.
	Polystichum acrostichoides Additional Images Common Name: = Christmas Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B21, B22, B25 Grower: 5/8/1998 Shady Acres (New Berlin, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Feathery fronds. This is one of the must have ferns for the collector. It performs well in either shade or sun. Typical height 15 inches. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Polystichum aculeatum Additional Images Common Name: = Hard Shield Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: B34 Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: New. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Polystichum braunii Additional Images Common Name: = Braun's Holly Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B34, B25 Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Very attractive fronds. This is one of our best new finds. Healthy plant, but slow to expand. Typical height 10 inches. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Polystichum x dycei Additional Images Common Name: = Dyce's Hybrid Holly Fern. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: B24 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 10 inches. 06/06/2010 healthy plant.
	Polystichum makinoi Additional Images Common Name: = Makino Shield Fern (PDN). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China to India. Grown in trial bed: B24. Grower: 4/20/2007 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 24 inches. 09/18/2008 dead.
Future image	Polystichum neolobatum (alpine form) Common Name: = Spiny Holly Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Asia. Grown in trial bed: B24. Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 10 inches. Alpine form. 05/27/2009 dead.
	Polystichum polyblepharum Additional Images Common Name: = Korean Tasselfern (USDA). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native Japan to Korea. Grown in trial bed: B34. Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 6 inches. 06/06/2010 dead.
	Polystichum setiferum 'Plumosomultilobum' Additional Images Common Name: = Plumose Soft Shield Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. . Grown in trial bed: B34, B41. Grower #B34: 06/04/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Grower #B41: 05/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 10 inches. 06/04/2009 #B34 healthy plant. 06/07/2010 #B41 dead.
	Polystichum xiphophyllum Additional Images Common Name: = The X Fern (PDN). Sword-leaved Holly Fern (FF) Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China. Grown in trial bed: B25 Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 6 inches. 06/06/2006 dead.
	Pteridium aquilinum Additional Images Common Name: = Bracken Fern. Family: Dennstaedtiaceae. Native to Wisconsin. Native to entire US. Typically found in dry woods and conifer forests. Grown in trial bed: P Grower: 7/7/1998 Holdridge (Lake Nocomis, WI) Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Once established, it aggressively speads out via underground runners to form new off shoots. New shoots are widely scattered, often several feet away from the parent plant. We removed it from our small trail beds where its random and scattered growth habit was distracting. It was difficult to contain this plant within the bounds of a small bed. After several years of actively weeding this from the bed, the fern routines reappears throughout the year. Burried roots are very long lasting. We now use it along border areas to stabilize slopes. Attractive plant with very bad manners. Typical height 25 inches. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Thelypteris beddomei Collection #AIK-226 Additional Images Common Name: = Korean Maiden Fern. Family: Thelypteridaceae. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Korea. Grown in trial bed: B28, B34 Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Attractive feathery fronds. Rapidly growing and expanding plant. Appears to send out short runners and does not form clumps. Conventional wisdom claims that this plant is only hardy to zone 8. But it has overwintered in our zone 5 garden without any set back. It has been a healthy, vigorous, and rapidly expanding fern. Not invasive, but pushy. Typical height 15 inches. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Thelypteris decursive-pinnata (Synonym: Phegopteris decursive-pinnata) Additional Images Common Name: = Japanese Beech Fern (FF). Family: Thelypteridaceae. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China - Japan. Grown in trial bed: B24 Grower: 7/1/2008 The Flower Factory (Stoughton, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Attractive feathery fronds. Rapidly growing and expanding plant. Conventional wisdom claims that this plant is not hardy in zone 5. It has not overwintered in our zone 5 garden, next year will be the test. It appears as a healthy, vigorous, and rapidly expanding fern. Typical height 15 inches. 05/27/2009 declining plant.
	Thelypteris kunthii Common Name: = Kunth's Maiden Fern (USDA), Abundant Maiden Fern. Family: Thelypteridaceae. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Southeast US. Grown in trial bed: B28 Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Finely toothed pinna. It did not re-appear in the garden in 2006. Typical height 15 inches. 05/25/2008 dead.
	Thelypteris nevadensis Additional Images Common Name: = Sierra Marsh Fern (USDA). Family: Thelypteridaceae. Exotic to Wisconsin (southwest). Native to Western US. Grown in trial bed: B33. Grower: 6/25/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in nearly full sun, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 10 inches. 06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.
	Woodsia obtusa Additional Images Common Name: = Bluntlobe Cliff Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin (southwest). Native to Central and Eastern US. Typically found on shady sandy cliffs. Grown in trial bed: B15 Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Healthly plant, slow to expand. Fronds held upright. Fronds are unremarkable and small. Best to plant along a garden edge as it will be crowded out by the much larger Dryopteris ferns. Typical height 10 inches. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Woodsia polystichoides Additional Images Common Name: = Hollyfern Woodsia. Exotic to Wisconsin (southwest). Native to Asia. Grown in trial bed: B33. Grower: 6/25/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in nearly full sun, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 10 inches. 06/24/2011 healthy, newly planted.

Fern Allies
Photograph Genus species 'Cultivar' - OR -
Genus Hybrid 'Cultivar'
Description and grower
Marchantia polymorpha
Additional Images
Common Name: = Liverwort (USDA).
Native to Wisconsin? Native to tropical, subtropical, and temporate regions worldwide. Typically found in wet forests and peat bogs.
Grown in trial bed: Bog
Grower: 5/1/2007 collected from potted plant.
Desc: Liverwort. Grown in horticulturally obtained, long fibered sphagnum moss, on string (raised ridge) of man-made bog. Sphagnum permanently moist. Full to partial sun, 8 hours or more. Grown alongside carnivorous plants, also growing in bog. Overwinters outdoors in man-made bog. Typical height 0.3 inches.
06/07/2010 healthy plant.

Moss
Additional Images
Common Name: = Moss.
Native to Wisconsin? Typically found in wet forests and peat bogs.
Grown in trial bed: Bog
Grower: 5/1/2006 observed growing in artificial bog. Blown in from neighboring source (guessing).
Desc: Moss. Grown in horticulturally obtained, long fibered sphagnum moss, on string (raised ridge) of man-made bog. Sphagnum permanently moist. Full to partial sun, 8 hours or more. Grown alongside carnivorous plants, also growing in bog. Overwinters outdoors in man-made bog. Typical height 0.3 inches.

Selaginella helvetica
Additional Images
Wisconsin Selaginella
Common Name: = Swiss Clubmoss.
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Austria, Switzerland.
Grown in trial bed: Birch Forest Hillside.
Grower: 6/25/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Selaginella. Birch Forest Hillside: Grown on south facing slope beneath fairly dense pine and birch forest canopy. Canopy composed of Scotch pine, Austrian pine, and White Spire birch. Partial sun, 2 hours or less. Grown alongside ferns. B33: Grown in gaps between burried pine logs. Typical height 0.3 inches.

Selaginella sibirica
Additional Images
Wisconsin Selaginella
Common Name: = Siberian Spikemoss (USDA).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Alaska and Western Canada.
Grown in trial bed: Birch Forest Hillside.
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Selaginella. Grown on south facing slope beneath fairly dense pine and birch forest canopy. Canopy composed of Scotch pine, Austrian pine, and White Spire birch. Partial sun, 2 hours or less. Grown alongside ferns. Typical height 0.3 inches.

Selaginella scopulorum
(Synonym: Selaginella densa var. scopulorum).
Additional Images
Wisconsin Selaginella
Common Name: = Rocky Mountain Spikemoss (USDA).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Western US.
Grown in trial bed: Birch Forest Hillside.
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Selaginella. Grown on south facing slope beneath fairly dense pine and birch forest canopy. Canopy composed of Scotch pine, Austrian pine, and White Spire birch. Partial sun, 2 hours or less. Grown alongside ferns. Typical height 0.3 inches.

Selaginella wallacei
Additional Images
Wisconsin Selaginella
Common Name: = Wallace's Spikemoss (USDA).
Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Western US.
Grown in trial bed: Birch Forest Hillside.
Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
Desc: Selaginella. Grown on south facing slope beneath fairly dense pine and birch forest canopy. Canopy composed of Scotch pine, Austrian pine, and White Spire birch. Partial sun, 2 hours or less. Grown alongside ferns. Typical height 0.3 inches.

Fern Allies Photograph	Genus species 'Cultivar' - OR - Genus Hybrid 'Cultivar' Description and grower
	Marchantia polymorpha Additional Images Common Name: = Liverwort (USDA). Native to Wisconsin? Native to tropical, subtropical, and temporate regions worldwide. Typically found in wet forests and peat bogs. Grown in trial bed: Bog Grower: 5/1/2007 collected from potted plant. Desc: Liverwort. Grown in horticulturally obtained, long fibered sphagnum moss, on string (raised ridge) of man-made bog. Sphagnum permanently moist. Full to partial sun, 8 hours or more. Grown alongside carnivorous plants, also growing in bog. Overwinters outdoors in man-made bog. Typical height 0.3 inches. 06/07/2010 healthy plant.
	Moss Additional Images Common Name: = Moss. Native to Wisconsin? Typically found in wet forests and peat bogs. Grown in trial bed: Bog Grower: 5/1/2006 observed growing in artificial bog. Blown in from neighboring source (guessing). Desc: Moss. Grown in horticulturally obtained, long fibered sphagnum moss, on string (raised ridge) of man-made bog. Sphagnum permanently moist. Full to partial sun, 8 hours or more. Grown alongside carnivorous plants, also growing in bog. Overwinters outdoors in man-made bog. Typical height 0.3 inches.
	Selaginella helvetica Additional Images Wisconsin Selaginella Common Name: = Swiss Clubmoss. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Austria, Switzerland. Grown in trial bed: Birch Forest Hillside. Grower: 6/25/2011 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Selaginella. Birch Forest Hillside: Grown on south facing slope beneath fairly dense pine and birch forest canopy. Canopy composed of Scotch pine, Austrian pine, and White Spire birch. Partial sun, 2 hours or less. Grown alongside ferns. B33: Grown in gaps between burried pine logs. Typical height 0.3 inches.
	Selaginella sibirica Additional Images Wisconsin Selaginella Common Name: = Siberian Spikemoss (USDA). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Alaska and Western Canada. Grown in trial bed: Birch Forest Hillside. Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Selaginella. Grown on south facing slope beneath fairly dense pine and birch forest canopy. Canopy composed of Scotch pine, Austrian pine, and White Spire birch. Partial sun, 2 hours or less. Grown alongside ferns. Typical height 0.3 inches.
	Selaginella scopulorum (Synonym: Selaginella densa var. scopulorum). Additional Images Wisconsin Selaginella Common Name: = Rocky Mountain Spikemoss (USDA). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Western US. Grown in trial bed: Birch Forest Hillside. Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Selaginella. Grown on south facing slope beneath fairly dense pine and birch forest canopy. Canopy composed of Scotch pine, Austrian pine, and White Spire birch. Partial sun, 2 hours or less. Grown alongside ferns. Typical height 0.3 inches.
	Selaginella wallacei Additional Images Wisconsin Selaginella Common Name: = Wallace's Spikemoss (USDA). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Western US. Grown in trial bed: Birch Forest Hillside. Grower: 6/4/2009 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Selaginella. Grown on south facing slope beneath fairly dense pine and birch forest canopy. Canopy composed of Scotch pine, Austrian pine, and White Spire birch. Partial sun, 2 hours or less. Grown alongside ferns. Typical height 0.3 inches.

General Collection Notes
Taxonomy Nomenclature Quick List of Ferns
Source of Common Names
Fern collections Fern collections
There are three significant fern trial gardens within the State of Wisconsin, namely Boerner Botanical Gardens (Hales Corners, WI), Janesville Rotary Gardens (Janesville, WI), and Krischan Photography Gardens (Big Bend, WI).
Krischan Photography Fern Collection (.pdf file)
Rotary Gardens Fern Collection
Krischan Photography Future Fern Purchases
Wisconsin Comprehensive Fern Trial Checklist (.pdf file)

Source of common names Source of common names

Note: USDA = US Department of Agriculture.
Note: WI = University of Wisconsin Herbarium.
Note: PDN = Plant Delights Nursery (Raleigh, NC).
Note: FF = Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA).
We have choosen a common name that is purported by one of the above expert sources. USDA lists all native species and a few exotics that have established populations in the United States. If the USDA name differs from the WI name, we evaluate both names and choose our favorite. Since we were schooled at the University of Wisconsin, we often select the WI common name as superior. PDN lists many newly collected exotic varieties that have no common name (at least, no English common name). Where none exists, PDN invents a common name and we support their colorful naming conventions. Where none exist, FF describes best common name and we support their accurate naming conventions.

General Collection Notes Taxonomy Nomenclature	Quick List of Ferns Source of Common Names
Fern collections	Fern collections There are three significant fern trial gardens within the State of Wisconsin, namely Boerner Botanical Gardens (Hales Corners, WI), Janesville Rotary Gardens (Janesville, WI), and Krischan Photography Gardens (Big Bend, WI). Krischan Photography Fern Collection (.pdf file) Rotary Gardens Fern Collection Krischan Photography Future Fern Purchases Wisconsin Comprehensive Fern Trial Checklist (.pdf file)
Source of common names	Source of common names Note: USDA = US Department of Agriculture. Note: WI = University of Wisconsin Herbarium. Note: PDN = Plant Delights Nursery (Raleigh, NC). Note: FF = Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). We have choosen a common name that is purported by one of the above expert sources. USDA lists all native species and a few exotics that have established populations in the United States. If the USDA name differs from the WI name, we evaluate both names and choose our favorite. Since we were schooled at the University of Wisconsin, we often select the WI common name as superior. PDN lists many newly collected exotic varieties that have no common name (at least, no English common name). Where none exists, PDN invents a common name and we support their colorful naming conventions. Where none exist, FF describes best common name and we support their accurate naming conventions.

Fern Trial Number
Dedicated / Partial Trial Bed Genus and Cultivar Selection / Management Objective
Canopy Type
B23 Mixed Genus Trial Bed (east) Adiantum, Cyrtomium, species and cultivar trial bed
Management objective: key type specimen collection
White Birch decidious tree canopy, morning sun

B28 Mixed Genus Trial Bed (east) Athyrium genus and cultivar trial bed (partial duplicate of B32)
Management objective: key type specimen collection
White Birch decidious tree canopy, morning sun

B32 Dedicated Genus Trial Bed Athyrium genus and cultivar dedicated trial bed
Management objective: key type specimen collection
No overhead tree canopy, near full sun

B33 Mixed Genus Trial Bed (west) Dryopteris species and cultivar trial bed
Management objective: key type specimen collection
Redbud decidious tree canopy, afternoon sun

B34 Mixed Genus Trial Bed Dryopteris, Polystichum species and cultivar trial bed
Management objective: key type specimen collection
No tree canopy, near full sun

B52 Dedicated Genus Trial Bed Dryopteris filix-mas species and cultivar dedicated trial bed
Management objective: key type specimen collection
Redbud decidious tree canopy, morning sun

L13 Mixed Genus Trial Bed Adiantum, Athyrium, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris species and cultivar partial trial bed
Management objective: key type specimen collection
Dawn Redwood decidious conifer tree canopy, morning sun

L21 Dedicated Genus Trial Bed Dryopteris filix-mas species and cultivar dedicated trial bed (partial duplicate of B52)
Management objective: backup type specimen collection
No overhead tree canopy, afternoon sun

L22 Dedicated Genus Trial Bed Dryopteris x complexa, (affinis x filix-mas), hybrid and cultivar dedicated trial bed
Management objective: key type specimen collection
Maple decidious tree canopy, morning sun

L41 Dedicated Genus Trial Bed (east) Dryopteris dilatata species and cultivar dedicated trial bed
Management objective: key type specimen collection
Red Oak decidious tree canopy, morning sun

Fern Trial Number Dedicated / Partial Trial Bed	Genus and Cultivar Selection / Management Objective Canopy Type
B23 Mixed Genus Trial Bed (east)	Adiantum, Cyrtomium, species and cultivar trial bed Management objective: key type specimen collection White Birch decidious tree canopy, morning sun
B28 Mixed Genus Trial Bed (east)	Athyrium genus and cultivar trial bed (partial duplicate of B32) Management objective: key type specimen collection White Birch decidious tree canopy, morning sun
B32 Dedicated Genus Trial Bed	Athyrium genus and cultivar dedicated trial bed Management objective: key type specimen collection No overhead tree canopy, near full sun
B33 Mixed Genus Trial Bed (west)	Dryopteris species and cultivar trial bed Management objective: key type specimen collection Redbud decidious tree canopy, afternoon sun
B34 Mixed Genus Trial Bed	Dryopteris, Polystichum species and cultivar trial bed Management objective: key type specimen collection No tree canopy, near full sun
B52 Dedicated Genus Trial Bed	Dryopteris filix-mas species and cultivar dedicated trial bed Management objective: key type specimen collection Redbud decidious tree canopy, morning sun
L13 Mixed Genus Trial Bed	Adiantum, Athyrium, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris species and cultivar partial trial bed Management objective: key type specimen collection Dawn Redwood decidious conifer tree canopy, morning sun
L21 Dedicated Genus Trial Bed	Dryopteris filix-mas species and cultivar dedicated trial bed (partial duplicate of B52) Management objective: backup type specimen collection No overhead tree canopy, afternoon sun
L22 Dedicated Genus Trial Bed	Dryopteris x complexa, (affinis x filix-mas), hybrid and cultivar dedicated trial bed Management objective: key type specimen collection Maple decidious tree canopy, morning sun
L41 Dedicated Genus Trial Bed (east)	Dryopteris dilatata species and cultivar dedicated trial bed Management objective: key type specimen collection Red Oak decidious tree canopy, morning sun

Ferns

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