Fern Photograph	Genus species 'Cultivar' - OR - Genus Hybrid 'Cultivar' Description and grower
	Adiantum pedatum Common Name: = Northern Maidenhair Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B31 DEAD, B33 BARELY ALIVE. Grower: 5/25/2001 K. Van Bourgandien. Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Our plants survive in the garden, but they do not thrive. Plants decline during the heat of summer. Typical height 15 inches. 05/21/2008 12 inches, struggling, looks dehydrated.
	Arachniodes standishii Common Name: = Upside Down Fern (PDN). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Korea, Uulong Island. Grown in trial bed: B24. Grower: 4/20/2007 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. First season produced healthy growth. It did not re-appear in the garden in 2008. Typical height 18 inches. 05/25/2008 DEAD.
	Athyrium filix-femina Common Name: = Common Ladyfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B28 Grower: 6/22/2005 Northwind Perennial Farm (Lake Geneva, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Healthy growing plant. Typical height 20 inches. 05/25/2008 DEAD.
	Athyrium filix-femina 'Dre's Dagger' Additional Images Common Name: = Lady Fern. Species native to Wisconsin, form exotic to Wisconsin. Form native to Europe? Grown in trial bed: B32 Grower: 7/1/2006 Menomonee Falls, WI. Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. This is likely a sport of 'Victoriae'. Pinna along frond criss cross. Tip of frond crested. Typical height 10 inches. 05/21/2008 6 inches, fronds attractive and feathery in appearance, healthy plant.
	Athyrium filix-femina 'Encourage' Additional Images Common Name: = Lady Fern. Species native to Wisconsin, form exotic to Wisconsin. Form native to Europe? Grown in trial bed: B22, B32 Grower: 8/25/2003 Klehm (IL). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. 'Encourage' is a "crested form" where fronds are forked at the tip. Interesting and attractive addition to the showy garden. Nice clump forming specimen plant. Typical height 10 inches. 05/21/2008 4 inches, fronds thin, horizontally sprawling, healthy plant.
	Athyrium filix-femina 'Frizelliae' Additional Images Common Name: = Lady Fern. Species native to Wisconsin, form exotic to Wisconsin. Form native to Europe? Grown in trial bed: B32 Grower: 5/30/2004 Hwy 73 Farm Market (Plainfield, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. 'Frizelliea' is a "congested form" where pinna produce button-like leaflets along the rachis. Interesting and attractive addition to the showy garden. Nice clump forming specimen plant. Typical height 15 inches. 05/21/2008 6 inches, fronds attractive and somewhat feathery in appearance.
	Athyrium filix-femina 'Victoriae' Common Name: = Victoria Lady Fern. Species native to Wisconsin, form exotic to Wisconsin. Form native to Europe? Grown in trial bed: B25 Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. 'Victoriae' is a "cruciate form" where each pinna produce dual forks. Forks are held at 45 degree angles from the rachis. Each pinna half crosses the following pinna. The frond is essentially a series of crisscrossed leaflets. Interesting and attractive addition to the showy garden. Nice clump forming specimen plant. Typical height 15 inches. 05/21/2008 6 inches, fronds attractive and feathery in appearance, healthy plant.
	Athyrium filix-femina ssp. angustum (Synonym: Athyrium angustum) (Synonym: Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum) Additional Image Common Name: = Subarctic Lady Fern (USDA), Northern Lady Fern. Species native to Wisconsin, subspecies exotic to Wisconsin. Subspecies native to Europe and Asia. Grown in trial bed: B22 Grower: . Desc: Grown in part sun, richly composted raised bed. Vigorous growing plant that does not spread. Typical height 20 inches. 05/25/2008 17 inches, robust plant.
	Athyrium filix-femina ssp. angustum 'Lady In Red' (Synonym: Athyrium angustum 'Lady In Red') (Synonym: Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum 'Lady In Red') (Synonym: Athyrium angustum forma rubellum 'Lady In Red') Common Name: = Lady Fern. Species native to Wisconsin, subspecies exotic to Wisconsin. Subspecies native to Europe and Asia. Grown in trial bed: B32 Grower: 7/1/2005 3D Greenhouses (Mukwonago, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Cloned (tissue cultured) from plant discovered by New England Wildflower Society. Burgundy red colored stems. Our plant displays strikingly more burgundy red color then the ordinary Athyrium filix-femina. Typical height 15 inches. 05/25/2008 10 inches, feather fronds, robust plant.
	Athyrium filix-femina x niponicum 'Branford Beauty' Common Name: = Branford Beauty Fern. Ancestory = 50% Athyrium filix-femina 50% Athyrium niponicum Exotic to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B28 Grower: 7/1/2005 3D Greenhouses (Mukwonago, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Attractive colored fronds, but not as striking as 'Ghost'. Hardy grower that does not spread. Typical height 20 inches. Nick Nicou (Branford, CT) hybrid of Athyrium filix-femina x Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum'. 05/25/2008 10 inches, erect fronds, slow to emerge.
	Athyrium filix-femina x niponicum 'Ghost' Additional Images Common Name: = Ghost fern. Ancestory = 50% Athyrium filix-femina 50% Athyrium niponicum Exotic to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B28, B32 Grower#B32: 5/30/2004 Hwy 73 Farm Market (Plainfield, WI). Grower#B28: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Attractive and unique light colored fronds. Hardy grower, but does not spread. This is an excellent addition to the showy garden. Typical height 25 inches. Nancy Swell (Virginia) hybrid of Athyrium filix-femina x Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum'. 05/21/2008#B28 14 inches, strong erect growth, reddish tint to stem and fronds, heathy plant.
	Athyrium niponicum 'Burgundy Lace' Additional Images Common Name: = Japanese Painted Fern. Native to Japan. Grown in trial bed: B32 Grower: 7/10/2004 Terra Nova (Tigard, OR). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. The 'Burgundy Lace' cultivar is greatly over-rated. We found the burgundy color to be nearly indistinguisable from ordinary Japanese Painted Fern. Without our field notes, we would have a difficult time finding this cultivar among a mixed bed of Japanese Painted Ferns. Typical height 15 inches. 05/21/2008 4 inches tall, fronds mostly extend horizontally - not upright, attractive reddish and silver tint fronds, but indistinguishable from ordinary Japanese Painted Fern.
	Athyrium niponicum 'Pewter Lace' Common Name: = Japanese Painted Fern. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Japan. Grown in trial bed: B32 Grower: 7/10/2004 Terra Nova (Tigard, OR). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. The 'Pewter Lace' cultivar is greatly over-rated. We found the pewter color to be nearly indistinguisable from ordinary Japanese Painted Fern. Without our field notes, we would have a difficult time finding this cultivar among a mixed bed of Japanese Painted Ferns. Typical height 15 inches. 05/21/2008 4 inches tall, fronds mostly extend horizontally - not upright, attractive reddish and silver tint fronds, but indistinguishable from ordinary Japanese Painted Fern.
	Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum' Additional Images Common Name: = Japanese Painted Fern. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Japan. Grown in trial bed: B28, B32, B33 Grower: 5/1/1997 Shady Acres (New Berlin, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches. 05/21/2008 4 inches tall, fronds mostly extend horizontally - not upright, attractive reddish and silver tint fronds.
	Athyrium otophorum Common Name: = Asian Lady Fern. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China and Japan. Grown in trial bed: B32, F Grower#1: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). DEAD. Grower#2: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Leaves lay out mostly horizontal. Not a vigorous grower in our zone. Late to leaf out (July). One plant did not re-appear in the garden in 2008 (dead). New replacement specimen planted 2008. Attractive small specimen plant. Typical height 10 inches. DEAD??.
Future image	Blechnum penna-marina subspecies alpine Common Name: = . Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Asia. Grown in trial bed: L31, F Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 2 inches.
Future image	Blechnum spicant Common Name: = Deer Fern (USDA). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Western US. Grown in trial bed: B25 Grower: 7/6/2006 Prospect Hill Nursery (Milwaukee, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. It did not re-appear in the garden in 2007. Typical height 10 inches. 05/25/2008 DEAD.
	Cyrtomium fortunei Collection #AIK-140 Additional Images Common Name: = Asian Netvein Hollyfern (USDA). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China, Japan, Korea. Grown in trial bed: B25 Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Fronds lay out mostly horizontal. Very interesting and attractive holly like leaves. Excellent exotic addition to the garden. Healthy growing plant. Typical height 15 inches. 05/25/2008 BARELY ALIVE.
	Dennstaedtia punctiloba Common Name: = Eastern Hayscented Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B14 Grower: 8/31/2005 Johnson Nursery (Menomonee Fall, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Feathery fronds that often appear to be drooping from dehydration, even when properly watered. This drooping habit makes the plant less desirable in a showy garden. Typical height 10 inches. 05/25/2008 10 inches, drooping fronds, looks dehydrated, not attractive.
	Diplazium pycnocarpon synonym Athyrium pycnocarpon Additional Images Common Name: = Glade Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B32 Grower: 7/12/2006 The Flower Factory (Stoughton, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Erect and sturdy fronds. Typical height 12 inches. 05/21/2008 11 inches, strong erect growth, seems to be expanding.
Future image	Dryopteris affinis 'Crispa Barnes' Common Name: = Crisped Golden-scaled Male (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: L31 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches. Label note lists cambrensis.
	Dryopteris affinis 'Cristata' Additional Images Common Name: = Golden Scaled Male Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: B26 Grower: 8/31/2005 Kathy's Greenhouse (Menomonee Fall, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. 'Cristata' is a forked form where fronds are split off at the tip. The form is not as dramatic as Lady Fern types, but still interesting and distinctive. Typical height 15 inches. 05/21/2008 No visible growth, we assume that it is still alive.
	Dryopteris x australis (Synonym: Dryopteris Australis) Additional Images Common Name: = Dixie Wood Fern (USDA). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Southeast US. Grown in trial bed: B26 Grower#1: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC).BARELY ALIVE. Grower#2: 7/20/2006 Lowes (Delavan, WI).DEAD. Note: This fern was re-titled as "x australis" as recommended by Judith Jones of Fancy Fronds per private email correspondence. Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 25 inches. Naturally occurring hybrid of Dryopteris celsa x Dryopteris ludoviciana. 05/21/2008 15 inches, erect fronds, but few in number, fern is declining in size, not happy.
Future image	Dryopteris bissetiana Common Name: = Beaded Wood Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Southeast US. Grown in trial bed: B26 Grower: 8/26/2003 3D Greenhouses (Mukwonago, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 10 inches. 05/21/2008 5 inches, sparse and weakly growing plant, not happy. BARELY ALIVE.
Future image	Dryopteris blanfordii Common Name: = unknown. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to unknown. Grown in trial bed: L31 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches. Fern is not listed in my fern reference books or on Fancy Fronds website.
	Dryopteris carthusiana (synonym Dryopteris austriaca) (synonym Dryopteris spinulosa) Additional Images Common Name: = Spinulose Woodfern (USDA), Toothed Wood Fern. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to US. Grown in trial bed: B15 Grower: . Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 20 inches. 05/21/2008 7 inches, feathery fronds angled - not erect, healthy plant.
Future image	Dryopteris celsa Common Name: = Log Fern (USDA). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to eastern USA. Grown in trial bed: B15 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 25 inches. Man-made hybrid of Dryopteris affinis x Dryopteris filix-mas.
Future image	Dryopteris x complexa 'Robust' Common Name: = Narrow Hybrid Golden-scaled Male (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B52 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 15 inches. Man-made hybrid of Dryopteris affinis x Dryopteris filix-mas.
Future image	Dryopteris x complexa 'Stableri' Common Name: = Narrow Hybrid Golden-scaled Male (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B52 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 15 inches. Man-made hybrid of Dryopteris affinis x Dryopteris filix-mas.
Future image	Dryopteris x complexa 'Stableri Crisped' Common Name: = Crisped Narrow Hybrid Golden-scaled Male (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B52 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 15 inches. Man-made hybrid of Dryopteris affinis x Dryopteris filix-mas.
	Dryopteris erythrosora Additional Images Common Name: = Japanese Red Shield Fern. Autumn Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Japan and China. Grown in trial bed: B22 Grower#1: 5/1/2004 Northwind Perennial Farm (Lake Geneva, WI). Grower#2: 7/12/2006 The Flower Factory (Stoughton, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Spring growth begins late, first leaves are not completely opened until June 10th. Fronds are initially reddish bronze colored, then fade to dark green. 05/21/2008 No visible growth, we assume that it is still alive. Known to be a late grower.
	Dryopteris filix-mas Additional Images Common Name: = Male Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B15 Grower: 8/4/2005 Home Depot (Milwaukee, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Clump forming. Healthy growing fern that is substantially smaller than Dryopteris marginalis. It's a nice garden fern, but nothing special. Typical height 15 inches. 05/21/2008 14 inches, erect fronds, attractive and healthy plant.
Future image	Dryopteris filix-mas 'Barnesii' Common Name: = Narrow Male Fern (FF). Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: B52 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 12 inches.
Future image	Dryopteris filix-mas 'Cristata Martindale' Common Name: = Fish-tail Crested Male Fern (FF). Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: B52 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 12 inches.
Future image	Dryopteris filix-mas 'Grandiceps Wills' Common Name: = Grandicapital Male Fern (FF). Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: B52 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 12 inches.
	Dryopteris filix-mas 'Linearis Polydactyla' Common Name: = Slender Crested Male Fern (FF). Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: B52 Grower: 7/1/2006 ?? (Milwaukee, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches. 05/21/2008 13 inches, fronds erect, healthy plant, clump is slightly expanding. Note: This fern was re-identified as form 'Linearis Polydactyla' by Judith Jones of Fancy Fronds per private email correspondence.
	Dryopteris filix-mas 'Parsley' Additional Images Common Name: = Male Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: B52 Grower: 7/1/2006 ?? (Milwaukee, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 12 inches. 05/21/2008 10 inches, fronds erect, robust plant, clump has double in size over last year.
	Dryopteris goldiana Additional Images Common Name: = Goldie's Woodfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B15, B33, F. Grower#1: 5/1/1999 Shady Oaks Nursery (MN). Grower#2: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Does not transplant well. Alive, but not vigorous. Very few fronds are produced. Clump forming, but clump does not expand. Typical height 30 inches. 05/21/2008 28 inches (tallest fern in our trial gardens), erect fronds, but few in number, attractive but very slow to expand size of clump.
Future image	Dryopteris kuratae Common Name: = unknown. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Asia. Grown in trial bed: L31 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches.
	Dryopteris marginalis Additional Images Common Name: = Marginal Woodfern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Typically found on shaded cliffs. Grown in trial bed: B15, B32 Grower: 5/25/2001 Wild Ones (WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Slightly bluish green cast to fronds. Nice strongly upright shape, vase like. Hardy clump grower, but does not spread. Healthy, vigorous, and attractive garden fern. This is a most overlooked species that has great appeal for the gardener. Typical height 25 inches. 05/21/2008 21 inches, erect fronds in distinctive vase like form, robust plant.
Future image	Dryopteris filix-mas 'Barnesii' Common Name: = Male Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin, but non-native form. Grown in trial bed: B52 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 12 inches.
	Dryopteris x remota (Synonym: Dryopteris Remota) Additional Images Common Name: = Glade Fern. Exotic to Wisconsin. Naturally occuring hybrid of Dryopteris affinis x Dryopteris expansa, native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: B26 Grower: 7/12/2006 The Flower Factory (Stoughton, WI). Note: This fern was re-titled as "x remota" as recommended by Judith Jones of Fancy Fronds per private email correspondence. Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 10 inches. 05/21/2008 No visible growth, we assume that it is still alive. Known to be a late grower.
Future image	Dryopteris oreades Common Name: = . Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: L31 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Smaller than D. filix-mas with more narrow blades. Typical height 15 inches.
Future image	Dryopteris sacrosanta Common Name: = . Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Asia. Grown in trial bed: L31 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches.
Future image	Dryopteris stewartii Common Name: = Stewart's Wood Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Asia. Grown in trial bed: L31 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates considerable period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches.
	Dryopteris tokyoensis Additional Images Common Name: = Tokyo Wood Fern. Native to Japan, Korea. Grown in trial bed: B26 Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 15 inches. 05/21/2008 No visible growth, we assume that it is still alive. Known to be a late grower.
	Matteuccia struthiopteris Additional Images Common Name: = Ostrich Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B21, P, F Grower: 7/7/1998 Shady Acres (New Berlin, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Most agressive fern (almost weedy aggressive). Once established, the fern spreads out via underground runners to produce new off shoots. One plants fills in 5 ft x 5 ft section in 5 years. In wet areas, it expands more rapidly. We removed it from our small trail beds where its aggressive nature smothered out neighboring plants. We use it along border areas to stabilize slopes. Attractive plant, but it does not play well with others. Typical height 25 inches. 05/25/2008 on moist hillside fern is thickly growing, quickly expanding, 25 inches tall or larger. On dry hillside, 14 inches tall, colony not greatly expanding.
	Onoclea sensibilis Additional Images Common Name: = Sensitive Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B27, B31, B32, B33 Grower: 5/25/2000 K. Van Bourgandien. Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches. Autumn fronds turn yellow color. 05/21/2008 9 inches, erect fronds, new straight runners form just below soil surface and extend 1 or 2 feet from parent plant, produces new shoots every 4 inches along runner, healthy plant.
	Osmunda cinnamomea Common Name: = Cinnamon Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B27, B24 Grower: 6/27/2005 Shady Acres (New Berlin, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 24 inches. 05/21/2008 15 inches, erect sterile fronds, no fertile fronds observed, fronds few in number, not robust.
	Osmunda claytoniana Additional Images Common Name: = Interrupted Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B27 Grower: 7/7/1998 Holdridge (Lake Nocomis, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Typical height 24 inches. Autumn fronds turn golden brown color. 05/21/2008 18 inches, erect fronds with mid-frond fertile spore body forming, healthy plant.
	Osmunda regalis Additional Images Common Name: = Royal Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B22, B27 Grower: 5/1/1999 Shady Acres (New Berlin, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 15 inches. Autumn fronds turn golden brown color. 05/21/2008 20 inches, erect fronds with top-frond fertile spore body forming, robust plant.
	Polystichum acrostichoides Additional Images Common Name: = Christmas Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B21, B22, B25 Grower: 5/8/1998 Shady Acres (New Berlin, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Feathery fronds. This is one of the must have ferns for the collector. It performs well in either shade or sun. Typical height 15 inches.
	Polystichum braunii Additional Images Common Name: = Braun's Holly Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin. Grown in trial bed: B25 Grower: 7/12/2006 The Flower Factory (Stoughton, WI). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Very attractive fronds. This is one of our best new finds. Healty plant, but slow to expand. Typical height 10 inches. 05/25/2008 DEAD.
Future image	Polystichum neolobatum (alpine form) Common Name: = Spiny Holly Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Asia. Grown in trial bed: B24 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 10 inches. Alpine form.
	Polystichum makinoi Common Name: = Makino Shield Fern (PDN). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China to India. Grown in trial bed: B24. Grower: 4/20/2007 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 24 inches. 05/25/2008 BARELY ALIVE.
Future image	Polystichum x dycei Common Name: = Dyce's Hybrid Holly Fern. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Europe. Grown in trial bed: B24 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 10 inches.
	Polystichum polyblepharum Common Name: = Korean Tasselfern (USDA). Exotic to Wisconsin. Native Japan to Korea. Grown in trial bed: B25 Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Fern has declined in 2006 and 2007. It is barely alive. Typical height 6 inches. BARELY ALIVE.
Future image	Polystichum setiferum 'Plumosomultilobum' Common Name: = Plumose Soft Shield Fern (FF). Exotic to Wisconsin. . Grown in trial bed: B24 Grower: 5/25/2008 Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Typical height 10 inches.
	Polystichum xiphophyllum Additional Images Common Name: = The X Fern (PDN). Sword-leaved Holly Fern (FF) Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to China. Grown in trial bed: B25 Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Fern has declined in 2006 and 2007. It is barely alive. Typical height 6 inches. BARELY ALIVE.
	Pteridium aquilinum Additional Images Common Name: = Bracken Fern. Native to Wisconsin. Native to entire US. Typically found in dry woods and conifer forests. Grown in trial bed: P Grower: 7/7/1998 Holdridge (Lake Nocomis, WI) Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Tolerates some period of direct sun. Once established, it aggressively speads out via underground runners to form new off shoots. New shoots are widely scattered, often several feet away from the parent plant. We removed it from our small trail beds where its random and scattered growth habit was distracting. It was difficult to contain this plant within the bounds of a small bed. After several years of actively weeding this from the bed, the fern routines reappears throughout the year. Burried roots are very long lasting. We now use it along border areas to stabilize slopes. Attractive plant with very bad manners. Typical height 25 inches.
	Thelypteris beddomei Collection #AIK-226 Additional Images Common Name: = Korean Maiden Fern. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Korea. Grown in trial bed: B28 Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Attractive feathery fronds. Rapidly growing and expanding plant. Appears to send out short runners and does not form clumps. Conventional wisdom claims that this plant is only hardy to zone 8. But it has overwintered in our zone 5 garden without any set back. It has been a healthy, vigorous, and rapidly expanding fern. Not invasive, but pushy. Typical height 15 inches. 05/25/2008 Plant barely emerged this year, harsh winter? Went from robust expanding fern in 2007 to nearly dead in 2008. BARELY ALIVE.
	Thelypteris kunthii Common Name: = Kunth's Maiden Fern (USDA), Abundant Maiden Fern. Exotic to Wisconsin. Native to Southeast US. Grown in trial bed: B28 Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Finely toothed pinna. It did not re-appear in the garden in 2006. Typical height 15 inches. 05/25/2008 DEAD.
	Woodsia obtusa Additional Images Common Name: = Bluntlobe Cliff Fern (USDA). Native to Wisconsin (southwest). Native to Central and Eastern US. Typically found on shady sandy cliffs. Grown in trial bed: B15 Grower: 6/22/2005 Plant Delights (Raleigh, NC). Desc: Grown in bright shade, richly composted raised bed. Healthly plant, slow to expand. Fronds held upright. Fronds are unremarkable and small. Best to plant along a garden edge as it will be crowded out by the much larger Dryopteris ferns. Typical height 10 inches. 05/21/2008 8 inches, mostly erect fronds, roundish looking fronds produce a cute, although small, garden fern.
	Comparative Plant Anatomy Of Fern Sori
Common names	Source of common name Note: USDA = US Department of Agriculture Note: WI = University of Wisconsin Herbarium Note: PDN = Plant Delights Nursery (Raleigh, NC) Note: FF = Fancy Fronds (Gold Bar, WA) We have choosen a common name that is perported by one of the above expert sources. USDA lists all native species and a few exotics that have established populations in the United States. If the USDA name differs from the WI name, we evaluate both names and choose our favorite. Since we were schooled at the University of Wisconsin, we often select the WI common name as superior. PDN lists many newly collected exotic varieties that have no common name (at least, no English common name). Where none exists, PDN invents a common name and we support their colorful naming conventions. Where none exist, FF describes best common name and we support their accurate naming conventions.

Ferns Grown In Wisconsin Gardens - 158 Plants	Checklist
G3 Common - These are native Wisconsin ferns that grow well in gardens. We have observed and documented these plants growing at Boerner Botanical Gardens (Hales Corners, WI), Janesville Rotary Gardens (Janesville, WI), and Krischan Photography Gardens (Big Bend, WI). These are strong, healthy, and easy to grow native ferns. These are the ferns that the first time gardener should trial in their garden. The G3 Checklist indicates the garden where the plant has been successfully grown. 17 Plants.	G3 Checklist.
G2 Unusual - These are native Wisconsin ferns that have been planted in at least one trial garden. We have observed and documented these plants, and have determined that these are challenging to grow. Some have barely survived, they are weak and fragile specimens. We indicate weak plants with the 'x' symbol and this plant must be re-examined in a future year. Other plants grow well. We indicate strong plants with the 'B', 'J', and/or 'K' symbol for the garden where the plant was trialed. These are the ferns that the expert fern gardener should trial in their garden. 20 Plants.	G2 Checklist.
G1 Not Grown - These are native Wisconsin ferns that have never been planted in a trial garden. We have never observed these plants in cultivation. Some of these plants are rarely found even in the wild. We indicate if Wisconsin has designated a status for these plants as 'Special Concern', 'Threatened', or 'Endangered'. We indicate never garden grown plants with the '-' symbol. Some of these plants are not rare in the wild, but there has not been an effort made to produce cultivated plants by the nursery industry. These are the ferns that the fern gardener will not find in the trade. 30 Plants.	G1 Checklist.
E3 Common - These are exotic to Wisconsin ferns that grow well in gardens. We have observed and documented these plants growing at Boerner Botanical Gardens (Hales Corners, WI), Janesville Rotary Gardens (Janesville, WI), and Krischan Photography Gardens (Big Bend, WI). These are strong, healthy, and easy to grow exotic ferns. These are the ferns that the first time gardener should trial in their garden. The E3 Checklist indicates the garden where the plant has been successfully grown. 14 Plants.	E3 Checklist.
E2 Unusual - These are exotic to Wisconsin ferns that have been planted in at least one trial garden. We have observed and documented these plants, and have determined that these are challenging to grow. Some have barely survived, they are weak and fragile specimens. We indicate weak plants with the 'x' symbol and this plant must be re-examined in a future year. We indicate never observed plants with the '?' symbol and these plants are assumed to be dead. Other plants grow well. We indicate strong plants with the 'B', 'J', and/or 'K' symbol for the garden where the plant was trialed. These are the exotic ferns that the expert fern gardener should trial in their garden. 77 Plants.	E2 Checklist.
Rotary Gardens	Rotary Gardens.